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Influence of thrombosis, stenosis and catheter on rheological characteristics of blood: a systematic review

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Abstract

Understanding potential disease causation due to stenosis and thrombosis and its treatment by utilising catheters and magnetic field has gained increasing attention from experts worldwide. Endothelial injury or plaque rupture can trigger thrombosis, which can cut off the supply of blood to the heart or brain, causing stroke or a myocardial infarction. In the regions of stenosis, narrowing of lumen of arteries and high shear rate generate conditions that increase platelet build-up and blockage. Treatment like catheters and magnetic field are famously being implemented in modern medicine as a way of removing blood clots inside a constricted artery in light to improve the blood circulation inside a human body. This article reviews the impact of the simultaneous presence of stenosis and thrombosis on rheological properties of blood flow and the effects of using catheter in clearing the obstructions in the inner wall of blood vessel. We also introduce significant recent development on blood flow modelling relating to the subject matter. A sample mathematical model is considered from the literature to explain the influence of aforesaid arterial constrictions and clinical therapy for future directions in the medical field. Based on the collected literature, we note that the angioplasty catheter greatly increases blood flow as compared to infusion and guidewire catheters because it uses a balloon-tipped catheter to remove occlusions in the artery lumen. This comprehensive review and the proposed mathematical model together with the clinical data may offer directions for further studies, especially on one specific type of catheter for balloon angioplasty as the best treatment for clearing the occlusions in the diseased artery.

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Abbreviations

CAD:

Coronary artery diseases

LDL:

Low-density lipoproteins

SMCs:

Smooth muscle cells

AP:

Activated platelets

AF:

Atrial fibrillation

TF:

Tissue factor

PLS:

Plasminogens

RBCs:

Red blood cells

WBCs:

White blood cells

ADP:

Adenine di-phosphate

GpIb:

Glycoprotein Ib

LMWH:

Low molecular weight heparin

VADs:

Ventricular assist devices

DVT:

Deep venous thrombosis

PE:

Pulmonary thromboembolism

ATIII:

Antithrombin III

Rx:

Rapid exchange

OTW:

Over-the-wire

POBA:

Plain old balloon angioplasty

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support extended by Universiti Teknologi Brunei for conducting this research through its internal Grant Scheme (UTB/GSR/2/2022 (15)).

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  1. Applied Mathematics and Economics Programme Area, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

    S. Afiqah Wajihah & D. S. Sankar

  2. School of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK

    Atulya K. Nagar

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Wajihah, S.A., Sankar, D.S. & Nagar, A.K. Influence of thrombosis, stenosis and catheter on rheological characteristics of blood: a systematic review. Arch Appl Mech 93, 4279–4304 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-023-02496-z

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