Abstract
Separation of Fe–Ti oxides during magmatic differentiation plays an important role in controlling Fe isotopic evolution of residual magmas. Titanomagnetite (Tmag) is a common Fe–Ti oxide phenocryst phase in evolved basaltic lavas, but the effect of its separation on Fe isotopic evolution of residual melts remains poorly understood. Here we explore this issue with an Fe isotopic study on a suite of cogenetic alkaline volcanic rocks (range from picrobasalt to trachyandesite) and their titanomagnetite phenocrysts from St. Helena Island (South Atlantic). Results show that whole-rock δ57Fe values vary from 0.04 to 0.32‰ with decreasing MgO, and ulvöspinel-rich (X′usp ≈ 0.6) titanomagnetite phenocrysts have consistently lower δ57Fe than corresponding bulk samples with an average Δ57FeTmag−whole rock (δ57FeTmag − δ57Fewhole rock) value of − 0.05 ± 0.02‰ (2SD, N = 6). This value together with the speculated crystallization temperatures (~ 1100 ± 50 °C) of these titanomagnetite phenocrysts determine an equilibrium titanomagnetite-melt fractionation factor of Δ57FeTmag-melt = (− 0.094 ± 0.038) × 106/T2. Quantitative calculations involving this isotopic fractionation factor and previously suggested olivine-melt and clinopyroxene-melt isotopic fractionation factors can well reproduce the Fe isotopic evolution of St. Helena lavas. Specifically, the Fe isotopic variation before titanomagnetite saturation (MgO > 5 wt%) is dominated by fractional crystallization and accumulation of olivine and clinopyroxene, while that after titanomagnetite saturation is determined by fractional crystallization of multiphases including titanomagnetite, olivine and clinopyroxene. This study, combined with published mineral-melt fractionation factors for other Fe–Ti oxides, indicates that the removal of ulvöspinel-rich (X′usp > 0.5) titanomagnetite and near-pure ilmenite results in an increase of δ57Fe in evolved magmas, whereas separation of near-pure magnetite drives residual melt towards lighter Fe isotopic compositions.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Prof. Jin-Hui Yang, Prof. Yue-Heng Yang, and Dr. Chao Huang for their laboratory or technical support. Xiao-Yu Zhang and Hui-Li Zhang are thanked for their help during the preparation of this manuscript. We appreciate Dr. Paolo Sossi and Dr. Ping-Ping Liu for their thoughtful comments and Prof. Timothy L. Grove for his efficient editorial handling. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42130310 and 41973001).
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Zhao, J., Wang, XJ., Chen, LH. et al. The effect of Fe–Ti oxide separation on iron isotopic fractionation during basalt differentiation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 101 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01967-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01967-w