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Land use effects on microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase activities, and availability, storage, and age of organic C in soil

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Abstract

Microbial biomass, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase activities, and availability, storage, and age of soil organic C were investigated after 26 years of conversion from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) to forest (Eucaliptus robusta or Leucaena leucocephala), pasture (mixture of tropical grasses), and to vegetable cropping (agriculture) in a vertisol in Puerto Rico. Soil organic C (SOC) at 0–100 cm was similar under Leucaena (22.8 kg C/m2), Eucalyptus (18.6 kg C/m2), and pasture (17.2 kg C/m2), which were higher than under agriculture (13.0 kg C/m2). Soil organic N (SON) at 0–100 cm was similar under the land uses evaluated which ranged from 1.70 (under agriculture) to 2.28 kg N/m2 (under Leucaena forest). Microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) of the 0–15-cm soil layer could be ranked as: pasture > Leucaena = Eucalyptus > agriculture. The percentages of SOC and SON present as MBC and MBN, respectively, were nearly 1% in pasture and less than 0.50% in forest under Leucaena or Eucalyptus and agricultural soil. The activity of β-glucosidase of the 0–15-cm soil layer could be ranked as: Leucaena = Eucalyptus > pasture > agriculture; while β-glucosaminidase activity was ranked as: Eucalyptus > Leucaena = pasture > agriculture. The soil δ 13C changed from 1996 to 2006 in forest under Eucalyptus (18.7‰ to 21.2‰), but not under Leucaena (20.7‰ to 20.8‰). The soil under Leucaena preserved a greater proportion of old C compared to the forest under Eucalyptus; the former had an increased soil mineralizable C from the current vegetation inputs. The soil under agriculture had the lowest enzyme activities associated with C cycling, lowest percentage of SOC as MBC, highest percentage of SOC present as mineralizable C, and highest percentage of MBC present as mineralizable C compared to the other land uses.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate the assistance of Mr. Samuel Ríos (Soil Scientist, USDA-NRCS), Ms. Jaqueline Vega (undergraduate student, UPRM), Dr. Jose Luis Gil (Researcher, INIA-CENIAP), Dr. R. Macchiavelli (Professor UPRM), and Dr. L. Pérez-Alegría (Professor, UPRM). This project was supported by the ATLANTEA grant (Intercambio Académico del Caribe).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy and Soils Department, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, P.O. Box 9030, Mayagüez, 00681-9030, Puerto Rico

    David Sotomayor-Ramírez

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CENIAP), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA), Maracay, Venezuela

    Yusmary Espinoza

  3. Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 3810 4th St., Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA

    Veronica Acosta-Martínez

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  1. David Sotomayor-Ramírez
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Correspondence to David Sotomayor-Ramírez.

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Sotomayor-Ramírez, D., Espinoza, Y. & Acosta-Martínez, V. Land use effects on microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase activities, and availability, storage, and age of organic C in soil. Biol Fertil Soils 45, 487–497 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0359-x

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