Abstract
Taxodium hybrid ‘zhongshanshan’ is a valuable bottomland timber tree species with both ecological and economic significance. However, the lack of an efficient propagation method has hindered large-scale reproduction of superior clones. In this study, we aimed to establish an effective propagation system by investigating somatic embryogenesis (SE) of T. hybrid ‘zhongshanshan’. The results demonstrated successful induction of embryogenic calli through treatment of immature embryos with 2 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 mg L−1 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 30 g L−1 maltose. Furthermore, the combination of 190 g L−1 polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 8 mg L−1 abscisic acid (ABA) exhibited a positive impact on somatic embryo induction and maturation. The embryogenic callus of T. hybrid ‘zhongshanshan’ exhibited a distinct embryonal-suspensor mass structure, ultimately developing into somatic embryos. In addition, we observed that endogenous hormones affected the whole process of somatic embryogenesis. Indoleacetic acid (IAA), Gibberellic acid (GA) and Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) displayed elevated levels during the initial stages and cotyledonary embryos stage, while cytokinin (CTK) and salicylic acid (SA) contents declined throughout SE. The ABA content exhibited a steady increase throughout the SE process. These findings represented a critical technical basis for the efficient propagation of T. hybrid ‘zhongshanshan’, which also provided a good foundation for investigating SE in other conifer species.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 6-BA:
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- CH:
-
Casein hydrolysate
- CTK:
-
Cytokinin
- GA:
-
Gibberellic acid
- IAA:
-
Indoleacetic acid
- MeJA:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- PGRs:
-
Plant growth regulators
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SE:
-
Somatic embryogenesis
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- PSK:
-
Phytosulfokine
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSSG:
-
Glutathione oxidized
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870592), Jiangsu Institute of Botany Talent Fund (JIBTF202206) and Jiangsu Long-Term Scientific Research Base for Taxodium Rich. Breeding and Cultivation (LYKJ [2021]05).
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HJF contributed conception and design of the study; CTT and JXY performed the experiments; CTT, JXY, ZR, LY, YCG and YYL carried out the statistical analysis; CTT wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript’s revision, read, and approved the submitted version.
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Chen, T., Jia, X., Zhang, R. et al. Somatic Embryogenesis in Taxodium Hybrid ‘zhongshanshan’, an Opportunity to Propagate an Ecologically Friendly Species. J Plant Growth Regul 43, 1447–1457 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11196-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11196-5