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The Cold Awakening of Doritaenopsis ‘Tinny Tender’ Orchid Flowers: The Role of Leaves in Cold-induced Bud Dormancy Release

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Abstract

Massive flowering of tropical Phalaenopsis orchids is coordinated by the cold-induced release of reproductive bud dormancy. Light and temperature are the two key factors integrated by the dormancy mechanism to both stop and reactivate the meristem development of many other angiosperm species, including fruit trees and ornamental plants. It is well established that leaves and roots play a major role in inducing flower development; however, currently, knowledge of molecular events associated with reproductive bud dormancy release in organs other than the bud is limited. Using differential gene expression, we have shown that the leaves of a hybrid of Phalaenopsis species, Doritaenopsis ‘Tinny Tender’, undergo major metabolic modifications. These changes result in the production of sucrose and amino acids, both of which can sustain bud outgrowth, and auxin and ethylene, which may play important roles in awaking the dormant buds. Intake of abscisic acid and synthesis of the hormone jasmonate may also explain the inhibition of vegetative growth that coincides with bud growth. Interestingly, many genes that were upregulated by cold treatment are homologous for genes involved in flower induction and vernalization in Arabidopsis, indicating that processes regulating flowering induction and those regulating reproductive bud dormancy release may use similar pathways and effector molecules.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Joshua S. Mylne for valuable comments on this article and Ashley Cooper for technical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771762), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y305222), and the Program for Innovative Research Team in Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University (No. 2009RC02). The authors thank Invitrogen Corporation, Shanghai, China, and Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co., Ltd., China, for technical support.

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Author notes

  1. Luping Zhou

    Present address: Management Bureau of Jiangxi Lushan Nature Reserve, Lushan, Jiangxi, 332900, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Qiaoping Qin, Chi Zhang, Luping Zhou, Xiaoyan Luo, Xiaoming Sun, Lanlan Zhang & Yongyi Cui

  2. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Quentin Kaas

  3. The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Mingbing Zhou & Yongyi Cui

  4. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-Ju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Kee-Yoeup Paek

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  1. Qiaoping Qin
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  2. Quentin Kaas
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  3. Chi Zhang
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Correspondence to Yongyi Cui.

Additional information

Q. Qin, Q. Kaas, and C. Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Qin, Q., Kaas, Q., Zhang, C. et al. The Cold Awakening of Doritaenopsis ‘Tinny Tender’ Orchid Flowers: The Role of Leaves in Cold-induced Bud Dormancy Release. J Plant Growth Regul 31, 139–155 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-011-9226-8

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