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Carbonation acceleration of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles: induced by yeast fermentation

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Abstract

Carbonation of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles and consolidation of limestone are accelerated by high humidity and a yeast fermentation system that supplies a saturated atmosphere on CO2, H2O vapor and ethanol during 28 days. Nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses with thermogravimetry. Spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy analyses, and hydric and mechanical tests were also performed in stones specimens. Samples exposed to the yeast environment achieve 100 % relative CaCO3 yield, whereas at high humidity but without the yeast and under laboratory environment, relative yields of 95 % CaCO3 and 15 % CaCO3 are, respectively, reached, with white crusts and glazing left on the stone surfaces when the nanoparticles are applied at a concentration of 25 g/l. The largest increase in the drilling resistance and surface hardness values with slight increase in the capillarity absorption and desorption coefficients and with lesser stone color changes are produced at a concentration of 5 g/l, in the yeast system environment. This especially happens in stone specimens initially with bimodal pore size distributions, more amounts of pores with diameters between 0.1 and 1 µm, higher open porosity values and faster capillary coefficients. An inexpensive and reliable method based on water and yeast–sugar solution is presented to speed up carbonation of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles used as a consolidating product to improve the mechanical properties of decayed limestone from archaeological and architectural heritage.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out at Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC,UCM) and supported by Rafael Fort and GEOMATERIALES (S2009/MAT-1629) Program and by a JAE-PreDoc CSIC fellowship founded by the European Social Fund FSE 2007–2013. Thanks to Iván Serrano for his help with the XRD analyses at the Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology (UCM) and to Xabier Arroyo for the DTA-TG analyses at the CAI of Faculty of Geology (UCM). Thanks also to Ana Vicente for the SEM–EDS analyses performed at the ICTS, Centro Nacional de Microscopia Electronica (UCM) and Dr. Maria Jose Varas (UCM) for founding the SEM analyses. Special thanks go to the technician Andres Lira from IGEO (CSIC, UCM) for his useful ideas and valuable help with the set up to perform part of this research.

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  1. Géosciences et Environnement Department, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Neuville-sur-Oise, 5, mail Gay-Lussac - Rue d’Eragny, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95031, France

    Paula Lopez-Arce

  2. Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC,UCM), C/José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Paula Lopez-Arce & Ainara Zornoza-Indart

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  1. Paula Lopez-Arce
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Correspondence to Paula Lopez-Arce.

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Lopez-Arce, P., Zornoza-Indart, A. Carbonation acceleration of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles: induced by yeast fermentation. Appl. Phys. A 120, 1475–1495 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9341-7

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