Anisimov OA, Vaughan DG, Callaghan T, Furgal C, Marchant H, Prowse TD, Vilhjálmsson H, Walsh JE (2007) Polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic). In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change (2007) Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
Armitage P, Cranston PS, Pinder ICV (1995) The Chironomidae: biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman and Hall, London
Book
Google Scholar
Blaen PJ, Brown LE, Hannah DM, Milner AM (2014) Environmental drivers of macroinvertebrate communities in high Arctic rivers. Freshw Biol 59:378–391
Article
Google Scholar
Böcher J, Kristensen NP, Pape T, Vilhelmsen L (2015) The Greenland entomofauna. An identification manual of insects, spiders and their allies. Fauna Ent Scand 44, Lund
Google Scholar
Brittain JE, Saltveit SJ, Castella E, Bogen J, Bønsnes TE, Blakar I, Bremnes T, Haug I, Velle G (2001) The macroinvertebrate communities of two contrasting Norwegian glacial rivers in relation to environmental variables. Freshw Biol 46:1723–1736
Article
Google Scholar
Brooks SJ, Langdon PG, Heiri O (2007) The identification and use of palaearctic chironomidae larvae in palaeoecology. QRA Technical Guide No. 10, Quaternary Research Association, London
Brown LE, Hannah DM, Milner AM (2003) Alpine stream habitat classification: an alternative approach incorporating the role of dynamic water source contributions. Arct Antarc Alp Res 35:313–322
Article
Google Scholar
Cadbury SL, Milner AM, Hannah DM (2011) Hydroecology of a New Zealand glacier-fed river: linking longitudinal zonation of physical habitat and macroinvertebrate communities. Ecohydrology 4:520–531
Article
Google Scholar
Chin KS, Lento J, Culp JM, Lacelle D, Kokelj SV (2016) Permafrost thaw and intense thermokarst activity decreases abundance of stream benthic macroinvertebrates. Glob Chang Biol 22:2715–2728
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christiansen HH (1998) Nivation forms and processes in unconsolidated sediments, NE Greenland. Earth Surf Process Landf 23:751–760
Article
Google Scholar
Christiansen HH, Sisgaard C, Humlum O, Rasch M, Hansen B (2008) Permafrost and periglacial geomorphology at Zackenberg. Adv Ecol Res 40:151–174
Article
Google Scholar
Collins M et al (2013) The physical science basis. In: Stocker TF (ed) Contribution of Working Group I to the fifth assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1029–1136
Google Scholar
Comiso JC, Hall DK (2014) Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space. Wiley Int Rev 5:389–409
Google Scholar
Cranston PS (1982) A key to the larvae of the British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae). Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No. 45. Ambleside
Dankers R, Middelkoop H (2008) River discharge and freshwater runoff to the Barents Sea under present and future climate conditions. Clim Chang 87:131–153
Article
Google Scholar
Danks HV (1971) Overwintering of some north temperature and Arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Can Entomol 104:661–686
Article
Google Scholar
Danks HV (1990) Arctic Insects: Instructive diversity. In: Harrigton CR (ed) Canada’s missing dimension: Science and history in the Canadian Arctic Islands, vol II. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, pp 444–470
Google Scholar
Danks HV (2004) Seasonal adaptations in Arctic Insects. Integr Comp Biol 44:85–94
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Danks HV, Oliver DR (1972) Seasonal emergence of some high Arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Can Entomol 104:661–686
Article
Google Scholar
Danks HV, Kukal O, Ring RA (1994) insect cold-hardiness: insights from the Arctic. Arctic 47:391–404
Article
Google Scholar
Dobson M (2013) Family-level keys to freshwater fly (Diptera) larvae: a brief review and a key to European families avoiding use of mouthpart characters. Freshw Rev 6:1–32
Article
Google Scholar
Docherty CL, Hannah DM, Riis T, Rosenhøj Leth S, Milner AM (2017) Large thermo-erosional tunnel for a river in northeast Greenland. Polar Sci. doi:10.1016/j.polar.2017.08.001
Article
Google Scholar
Docherty CL, Riis T, Hannah DM, Rosenhoj Leth S, Milner AM (in press) Nutrient uptake controls and limitation dynamics in northeast Greenland streams. Polar Res
Dyergerov MB, Meier MF (2000) Twentieth century climate change: evidence from small glaciers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:1406–1411
Article
Google Scholar
Ferrington LC, Sæther OA (2011) A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladinae). Zootaxa 2849:1–314
Google Scholar
Finn DS, Rasanen K, Robinson CR (2010) Physical and biological changes to a lengthening stream gradient following a decade of rapid glacial recession. Glob Chang Biol 16:3314–3326
Article
Google Scholar
Flory EA, Milner AM (2000) Macroinvertebrate community succession in Wolf Point Creek, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Freshw Biol 44:465–480
Article
Google Scholar
Foster JL, Da Robinson, Hall DK, Estilow TW (2008) Spring snow melt timing and changes over Arctic lands. Polar Geogr 31:145–157
Article
Google Scholar
Friberg N, Milner AM, Svendsen LM, Lindegaard C, Larsen SE (2001) Macroinvertebrate stream communities along regional and physic-chemical gradients in Western Greenland. Freshw Biol 46:1753–1764
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Füreder L, Schütz C, Wallinger M, Burger R (2001) Physico-chemistry and aquatic insects of a glacier-fed and a spring-fed alpine stream. Freshw Biol 46:1673–1690
Article
Google Scholar
Gíslason GM, Adalsteinsson H, Hansen I, Ólafsson JS, Svavarsdóttir K (2001) Longitudinal changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages along a glacial river system in central Iceland. Freshw Biol 46:1737–1751
Article
Google Scholar
González-Bergonzoni I, Landkildehus F, Meerhoff M, Lauridsen TL, Özkan K, Davidson TA, Mazzeo N, Jeppesen E (2014) Fish determine macroinvertebrate food webs and assemblage structure in Greenland subarctic streams. Freshw Biol 59:1830–1842
Article
Google Scholar
Hamerlik L, Jacobsen D (2012) Chironomid (Diptera) distribution and diversity in Tibetan streams with different glacial influence. Insect Conserv Divers 5:319–326
Article
Google Scholar
Hannah DM, Brown LE, Milner AM, Gurnell AM, Mcgregor GR, Petts GE, Smith BPG, Snook DL (2007) Integrating climate–hydrology–ecology for alpine river systems. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosys 17:636–656
Article
Google Scholar
Hansen BU, Sigsgaard C, Rasmussen L, Cappelen J, Hinkler J, Mernild SH, Petersen D, Tamstorf MP, Rasch M, Hasholt B (2008) Present-day climate at Zackenberg. In: Meltofte H et al (eds) Advances in ecological research, high Arctic ecosystem dynamics in a changing climate. Academic Press, New York, pp 111–147
Chapter
Google Scholar
Helliwell RC, Soulsby C, Ferrier RC, Jenkins A, Harriman R (1998) Influence of snow on the hydrology and hydrochemistry of the Allt a’Mharcaidh, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Sci Total Environ 217:59–70
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Herbst DB, Cooper SD (2010) Before and after the deluge: rain-on-snow flooding effects on aquatic invertebrate communities of small streams in the Sierra Nevada, California. J N Am Benthol Soc 29:1354–1366
Article
Google Scholar
Hieber M, Robinson CT, Uehlinger U et al (2005) A comparison of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages among different Alpine streams. Freshw Biol 50:2087–2100
Article
Google Scholar
Hodson A, Tranter M, Gurnell AM, Clark M, Hagen JO (2002) The hydrochemistry of Bayelva, a high Arctic proglacial stream in Svalbard. J Hydrol 257:91–114
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jacobsen D, Dangles O, Andino P, Espinosa R, Hamerkíl L, Cadier E (2010) Longitudinal zonation of macroinvertebrates in an Ecuadorian glacier-fed stream: do tropical glacial systems fit the model? Freshw Biol 55:1234–1248
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jacobsen D, Cauvy-Fraunie S, Andino P, Espinosa R, Cueva D, Dangles O (2014) Runoff and the longitudinal distribution of macroinvertebrates in a glacier-fed stream: implications for the effects of global warming. Freshw Biol 59:2038–2050
Article
Google Scholar
Johannessen M, Henriksen A (1978) Chemistry of snow meltwater: changes in concentration during melting. Water Resour Res 14:615–619
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kattsov VM, Walsh JE, Chapman WL, Govorkova VA, Pavlova TV, Zhang X (2007) Simulation and projection of Arctic freshwater budget components by the IPCC AR4 global climate models. J Hydrometeorol 8:571–589
Article
Google Scholar
Kownacki A, Zosidze RS (1980) Taxocenes of Chironomidae (Diptera) in some rivers and streams of the Adzhar ASSR (Little Caucasus Mts). Acta Hydrobiol 22:67–87
Google Scholar
Kuhn J, Andino P, Calvez R, Espinosa R, Hamerkil L, Vie S, Dangles O, Jacobsen D (2011) Spatial variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages along and among neighbouring equatorial glacier-fed streams. Freshw Biol 56:2226–2244
Article
Google Scholar
Lencioni V, Rossaro B (2005) Microdistribution of chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) in alpine streams: an autoecological perspective. Hydrobiologia 533:61–76
Article
Google Scholar
Lindegaard C (2015) Chironomidae (Non-biting midges). In: Böcher J, Pape T (eds) The Greenland entomofauna an identification manual of insects, spiders and their allies. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 44, Lund, pp 436–549
Google Scholar
Lods-Crozet B, Lencioni V, Ólafsson JS, Snook DL, Velle G, Brittain JE, Castella E, Rossaro B (2001) Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities in six European glacier-fed streams. Freshw Biol 46:1791–1809
Article
Google Scholar
Maiolini B, Lencioni V (2001) Longitudinal distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a glacially influences stream system in the Italian Alps. Freshw Biol 46:1625–1640
Article
Google Scholar
Mernild SH, Liston GE, Hasholt B (2007) Snow-distribution and melt modelling for glaciers in Zackenberg river drainage basin, north-eastern Greenland. Hydrol Process 21:3249–3263
Article
Google Scholar
Milner AM, Petts GE (1994) Glacial rivers: physical habitat and ecology. Freshw Biol 32:295–307
Article
Google Scholar
Milner AM, Brittain JE, Castella E, Petts GE (2001) Trends of macroinvertebrate community structure in glacier-fed rivers in relation to environmental conditions: a synthesis. Freshw Biol 46:1833–1847
Article
Google Scholar
Milner AM, Brown LE, Hannah DM (2009) Hydroecological response of river systems to shrinking glaciers. Hydrol Process 23:62–77
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Niedrist GH, Füreder L (2016) Towards a definition of environmental niches in alpine streams by employing chironomid species preferences. Hydrobiologia 781:143–160
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nilsson A (1997) Aquatic insects of North Europe: A taxonomic handbook. Apollo Books, Steenstrup
Google Scholar
Overland JE et al (2015) Surface air temperature. In: Jeffries MO, Richter-Menge J, Overland JE (eds) Arctic report card 2015. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Spring pp. 10–16
Pfankuch DJ (1975) Stream reach inventory and channels stability evaluation. USDA Forest Service Northern Region, Montana
Google Scholar
Prowse TD, Wrona FJ, Reist JD, Gibson JJ, Hobbie JE, Lévesque LMJ, Vincent WF (2006) Climate change effects on hydroecology of Arctic freshwater ecosystems. AMBIO 35:347–358
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Robinson CT, Uehlinger U, Hieber M (2001) Spatio-temporal variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages of glacial streams in the Swiss Alps. Freshw Biol 46:1663–1672
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sabater S, Roca JR (1990) Some factors affecting distribution of diatom assemblages in Pyrenean springs. Freshw Biol 24:493–507
Article
Google Scholar
Snook DL, Milner AM (2001) The influence of glacial runoff on stream macroinvertebrate communities in the Taillon catchment, French Pyrénées. Freshw Biol 46:1609–1623
Article
Google Scholar
Steedman HF (1958) Dimethyl hydantoin formaldehyde: a new water-soluble resin for use as a mounting medium. Quart J Micros Sci 99:451–452
Google Scholar
Stendel M, Christiansen JH, Petersen D (2008) Arctic Climate and Climate Change with a Focus on Greenland. Adv Ecol Res High-Arctic Ecosyst Dynam Chang Clim 40:13–43
Google Scholar
Tavares-Cromar AF, Dudley Williams DD (1997) Dietary overlap and coexistence of chironomid larvae in a detritus-based stream. Hydrobiologia 354:67–81
Article
Google Scholar
Townsend CR, Scarsbrook MR, Dolédec S (1997) Quantifying disturbance in streams: alternative measures of disturbance in relation to macroinvertebrate species traits and species richness. J N Am Benthol Soc 16:531–544
Article
Google Scholar
Tranter M, Abrahams PW, Blackwood I, Davies TD, Brimblcombe P, Thompson IP, Vincent CE (1987) Changes in streamwater chemistry during snowmelt. In: Jones HG, Orville-Thomas WJ (eds) Seasonal snowcovers, physics, chemistry, hydrology. D. Riedel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, pp 575–597
Chapter
Google Scholar
van Vliet MTH, Franssen WHP, Yearsley JR, Ludwig F, Haddeland I, Lettenmaier DP, Kabat P (2013) Global river discharge and water temperature under climate change. Glob Environ Change 23 (2):450–464
Article
Google Scholar
Ward JV (1994) Ecology of alpine streams. Freshw Biol 32:277–294
Article
Google Scholar
Wharton DA (2002) Life at the limits. Organisms in Extreme Environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Book
Google Scholar
Wiederholm T (ed) (1983) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1 Larvae. Ent Scand Suppl, Lund, pp 1–457
Google Scholar
White D, Hinzman L, Alessa L, Cassano J, Chambers M, Falkner K, Francis J, Gutowski WJ, Holland M, Holmes RM, Huntington H, Kane D, Kliskey A, Lee C, McClelland J, Peterson B, Rupp TS, Straneo F, Steele M, Woodgate R, Yang D, Yoshikawa K, Zhang T (2007) The Arctic freshwater system: Changes and impacts. J Geophys Res 112:1–21
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zar J (2010) Spearman rank. Correlation encyclopedia of biostatistics. Wiley, New Jersey, pp 4191–4196
Google Scholar