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Function of nitric oxide and superoxide anion in the adventitious root development and antioxidant defence in Panax ginseng

  • Physiology and Biochemistry
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Abstract

The involvement of NO in O2 ·− generation, rootlet development and antioxidant defence were investigated in the adventitious root cultures of mountain ginseng. Treatments of NO producers (SNP, sodium nitroprusside; SNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine; and sodium nitrite with ascorbic acid), and NO scavenger (PTIO, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl3-oxide) revealed that NO is involved in the induction of new rootlets. Severe decline in number of new rootlets compared to the control under PTIO treatment indicates that NO acts downstream of auxin action in the process. NO producers (SNP, SNAP and sodium nitrite with ascorbic acid) activated NADPH oxidase activity, resulting in greater O2 ·− generation and higher number of new rootlets in the adventitious root explants. Moreover, treatment of diphenyliodonium chloride, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, individually or along with SNP, inhibited root growth, NADPH oxidase activity and O2 ·− anion generation. NO supply also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes that are likely to be responsible for reducing H2O2 levels and lipid peroxidation as well as modulation of ascorbate and non-protein thiol concentrations in the adventitious roots. Our results suggest that NO-induced generation of O2 ·− by activating NADPH oxidase activity is related to adventitious root formation in mountain ginseng.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

ascorbic acid

CAT:

catalase

DHA:

dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

DHA reductase

DPI:

diphenyl iododonium chloride

DTT:

dithiothreitol

EDTA:

ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

GR:

glutathione reductase

L-NAME:

Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride

MDA:

malondialdehyde

POD:

peroxidase

PTIO:

2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl3-oxide

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SNAP:

S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine

SNP:

sodium nitroprusside

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TCA:

trichloroacetic acid

XTT:

2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt

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Acknowledgments

This laboratory is financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MOE), the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) and Ministry of Labor (MOLAB) through the fostering project of Lab. of Excellency. This work was supported under BK-21 scheme. Special thanks are given to Mrs. Jeong-Seon Jeon for her helpful technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Rajesh Kumar Tewari, Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek

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  1. Rajesh Kumar Tewari
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  2. Eun-Joo Hahn
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  3. Kee-Yoeup Paek
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Correspondence to Kee-Yoeup Paek.

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Communicated by P. Kumar.

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Tewari, R.K., Hahn, EJ. & Paek, KY. Function of nitric oxide and superoxide anion in the adventitious root development and antioxidant defence in Panax ginseng . Plant Cell Rep 27, 563–573 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0448-y

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