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Complete mitochondrial genomes of two gelechioids, Mesophleps albilinella and Dichomeris ustalella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), with a description of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera

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Abstract

We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of two gelechioids, Mesophleps albilinella and Dichomeris ustalella, and compared their genome organization and sequence composition to those of available gelechioid mitogenomes for an enhanced understanding of Gelechioidea genomic characteristics. We compared all available lepidopteran mitogenome arrangements, including that of M. albilinella, which is unique in Gelechioidea, to comprehend the extensiveness and mechanisms of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera. The genomes of M. albilinella and D. ustalella are 15,274 and 15,410 bp in size, respectively, with the typical sets of mitochondrial (mt) genes. The COI gene begins with CGA (arginine) in all sequenced gelechioids, including M. albilinella and D. ustalella, reinforcing the feature as a synapomorphic trait, at least in the Gelechioidea. Each 353- and 321-bp long A + T-rich region of M. albilinella and D. ustalella contains one (D. ustalella) or two (M. albilinella) tRNA-like structures. The M. albilinella mitogenome has a unique gene arrangement among the Gelechioidea: ARNESF (the underline signifies an inverted gene) at the ND3 and ND5 junction, as opposed to the ARNSEF that is found in ancestral insects. An extensive search of available lepidopteran mitogenomes, including that of M. albilinella, turned up six rearrangements that differ from those of ancestral insects. Most of the rearrangements can be explained by the tandem duplication-random loss model, but inversion, which requires recombination, is also found in two cases, including M. albilinella. Excluding the MIQ rearrangement at the A + T-rich region and ND2 junction, which is found in nearly all Ditrysia, most of the remaining rearrangements found in Lepidoptera appear to be independently derived in that they are automorphic at several taxonomic scales, although current mitogenomic data are limited, particularly for congeneric data.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by Chonnam National University, 2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 33, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea

    Jeong Sun Park, Min Jee Kim, Su Yeon Jeong & Iksoo Kim

  2. Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Seoul, 24, Arisu-ro 25na-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05207, Republic of Korea

    Sung Soo Kim

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  1. Jeong Sun Park
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Correspondence to Iksoo Kim.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. For this type of study formal consent is not required. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Park, J.S., Kim, M.J., Jeong, S.Y. et al. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two gelechioids, Mesophleps albilinella and Dichomeris ustalella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), with a description of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera. Curr Genet 62, 809–826 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-016-0585-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-016-0585-3

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