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Synthesis and characterization of cardo-tetrafunctional hydrophobic polybenzoxazine composites for low-k application

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Abstract

The cardo tetrafunctional benzoxazines (BZ-aP-ffa, P-aP-ffa and BBA-aP-ffa) were synthesized from bis-phenols (phenolphthalein, bisphenol-Z and bisphenol-BA), paraformaldehyde, aminophenol and furfurylamine under appropriate experimental conditions. Their structural, thermal, hydrophobic, morphology and dielectric properties were characterized using modern analytical methods. Thermal studies indicate that the poly(P-aP-ffa) possesses better thermal stability (char yield 61%) than that of other two polybenzoxazines, viz. poly(BZ-aP-ffa) and poly(BBA-aP-ffa) (char yield 50 and 56%, respectively). Polybenzoxazine (P-ap-ffa) composites reinforced using varied weight percentages (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) of GPTMS-functionalized vermiculite were prepared and the properties studied and compared with those of neat benzoxazine matrices. The values of water contact angle of neat poly(BZ-aP-ffa), poly(BBA-aP-ffa) and poly(P-aP-ffa) are found to be 142°, 141° and 142°, respectively, while that of vermiculite-reinforced poly(P-aP-ffa) composites have a water contact angle of 135° regardless of vermiculite content. A similar study indicated that the values of dielectric constant of neat polybenzoxazine matrix, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50  wt% of GPTMS-functionalized vermiculite-reinforced poly(P-ap-ffa) composites are 3.34, 2.11, 2.01, 1.92, 1.86 and 1.84, respectively. The value of the dielectric constant is appreciably lowered to the extent of an ultra-low-k level, when vermiculite concentration increases. Results indicated that benzoxazines and composites developed in the present work can be used in the form of sealants for printed circuit boards in the field of microelectronics.

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Acknowledgements

The PSG Management, Principal and Secretary, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore-641062, India, are thanked by the authors for their moral and financial assistance.

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  1. Polymer Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur, Coimbatore, 641 062, India

    Harinei Srinivasan, Pavithra Saravanan, Priyanka Madesh, Balaji Krishnasamy, Hariharan Arumugam & Alagar Muthukaruppan

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Contributions

PS contributed to synthesis. HS contributed to synthesis, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and writing–original draft. PM contributed to investigation. KB contributed to methodology, review & editing and project administration. AH contributed to conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing–original draft, review & editing and supervision. MA contributed to resources, validation, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Hariharan Arumugam or Alagar Muthukaruppan.

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Srinivasan, H., Saravanan, P., Madesh, P. et al. Synthesis and characterization of cardo-tetrafunctional hydrophobic polybenzoxazine composites for low-k application. Polym. Bull. 81, 887–907 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04745-1

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