Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A detailed comparative study on electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Al/p-Si photodiodes with coumarin-doped PVA interfacial layer: the effect of doping concentration

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, three different poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films doped with weight percentages of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 coumarin were coated on p-Si wafer via spin-coating method for the purpose of investigating the interaction of coumarin dopant with polymer host at molecular level. Therefore, metal–polymer–semiconductor (MPS) structures were formed and their current–voltage (I–V) and admittance measurements were taken to compare the main electrical parameters of the MPS structures with different film thicknesses. The values of ideality factor (n), barrier height (Φb), rectification ratio (RR = IF/IR), series resistance (Rs) and energy-dependent profiles of surface states (Nss) were calculated using the forward bias I–V data. There exists increasing trend for Nss values from mid-gap energy of Si toward the bottom of conductance band. The highest values of RR and photosensitivity (Iphoto/Idark) were found as 4.62 × 104 at ± 4 V for the MPS structure with 0.10 wt% coumarin doping level, respectively. The photoresponse of the structures was also analyzed using \(I_{\text{ph}} = AP^{m}\) relation, and the value of m was obtained from the slope of ln(Iph)–Ln(P) plot for each diode as 1.48, 1.27 and 1.57, respectively. Experimental results suggest that 0.10% coumarin-doped PVA caused MPS structure to reveal better performance considering higher RR and lowest Nss, and so it can be considered as an alternative interfacial layer material for replacing traditional insulators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sze SM (1995) Physics of semiconductor devices physics of semiconductor devices, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rhoderick EH, Williams RH (1988) Metal-semiconductor contacts, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wieder HH (1982) MOS (metal oxide semiconductors) physics and technology by E. H. Nicollian and J. R. Brews. J Vac Sci Technol 21:1048–1049. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tanrıkulu EE, Demirezen S, Altındal Ş, Uslu İ (2018) On the anomalous peak and negative capacitance in the capacitance–voltage (C–V) plots of Al/(%7 Zn-PVA)/p-Si (MPS) structure. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 29:2890–2898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8219-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Demirezen S, Orak İ, Azizian-Kalandaragh Y, Altındal Ş (2017) Series resistance and interface states effects on the C–V and G/w–V characteristics in Au/(Co3O4-doped PVA)/n-Si structures at room temperature. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28:12967–12976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7128-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Altındal Yerişkin S, Balbaşı M, Demirezen S (2017) Temperature and voltage dependence of barrier height and ideality factor in Au/0.07 graphene-doped PVA/n-Si structures. Indian J Phys 91:421–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-016-0949-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tecimer H, Tan SO, Altindal S (2018) Frequency-dependent admittance analysis of the metal-semiconductor structure with an interlayer of Zn-doped organic polymer nanocomposites. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 65:231–236. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2017.2778023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Çiçek O, Uslu Tecimer H, Tan SO et al (2017) Synthesis and characterization of pure and graphene (Gr)-doped organic/polymer nanocomposites to investigate the electrical and photoconductivity properties of Au/n-GaAs structures. Compos B Eng 113:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tataroğlu A, Al-Ghamdi AA, El-Tantawy F et al (2016) Analysis of interface states of FeO–Al2O3 spinel composite film/p-Si diode by conductance technique. Appl Phys A 122:220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9782-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang B, Guan X, Hu Y, Su Z (2007) Preparation and fluorescent properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) bearing coumarin. Polym Adv Technol 18:529–534. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ghouili A, Dusek M, Petricek V et al (2014) Synthesis, crystal structure and spectral characteristics of highly fluorescent chalcone-based coumarin in solution and in polymer matrix. J Phys Chem Solids 75:188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.09.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Demirezen S, Kaya A, Vural Ö, Altındal Ş (2015) The effect of Mo-doped PVC + TCNQ interfacial layer on the electrical properties of Au/PVC + TCNQ/p-Si structures at room temperature. Mater Sci Semicond Process 33:140–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.01.050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yerişkin SA, Balbaşı M, Orak İ (2017) The effects of (graphene doped-PVA) interlayer on the determinative electrical parameters of the Au/n-Si (MS) structures at room temperature. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28:14040–14048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7255-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tecimer H, Tunç T, Altındal Ş (2018) Investigation of photovoltaic effect on electric and dielectric properties of Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes with nickel (Ni)–zinc (Zn) doped organic interface layer. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 29:3790–3799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8314-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sharma M, Tripathi SK (2013) Analysis of interface states and series resistance for Al/PVA:n-CdS nanocomposite metal–semiconductor and metal–insulator–semiconductor diode structures. Appl Phys A 113:491–499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7552-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Çetinkaya HG, Kaya A, Altındal Ş, Koçyiğit S (2015) Electrical and dielectric properties of Au/1% graphene (GP) + Ca 1.9 Pr 0.1 Co 4 O x doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/n-Si structures as function of temperature and voltage. Can J Phys 93:1213–1220. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tozlu C, Mutlu A (2016) Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) methylated effect on the interface states of metal/polymer/p-Si Schottky barrier diode. Synth Met 211:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.11.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wan W, Bannerman AD, Yang L, Mak H (2014) Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels for biomedical applications. In: Okay O (ed) Polymeric cryogels, Advances in polymer science, vol 263. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Reddy VR (2014) Electrical properties of Au/polyvinylidene fluoride/n-InP Schottky diode with polymer interlayer. Thin Solid Films 556:300–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.01.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Reddy MSP, Kang H-S, Lee J-H et al (2014) Electrical properties and the role of inhomogeneities at the polyvinyl alcohol/n-inp schottky barrier interface. J Appl Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao X, Dang Y, Deng J, Zhang J (2014) Photoinduced shape fixity and thermal-induced shape recovery properties based on polyvinyl alcohol bearing coumarin. Colloid Polym Sci 292:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-3057-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bisen R, Tripathi J, Sharma A et al (2018) Optical behaviour of coumarin dye in PVA and PMMA film matrices. Vacuum 152:65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.03.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu X, Cole JM, Waddell PG et al (2012) Molecular origins of optoelectronic properties in coumarin dyes: toward designer solar cell and laser applications. J Phys Chem A 116:727–737. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp209925y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang Z-S, Hara K, Dan-oh Y et al (2005) Photophysical and (photo)electrochemical properties of a coumarin dye. J Phys Chem B 109:3907–3914. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp044851v

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen Y, Kang KS, Han KJ et al (2009) Enhanced optical and electrical properties of PEDOT: pSS films by the addition of MWCNT-sorbitol. Synth Met 159:1701–1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.05.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dhar A, Kumar NS, Paul PK et al (2018) Influence of tagging thiophene bridge unit on optical and electrochemical properties of coumarin based dyes for DSSCs with theoretical insight. Org Electron 53:280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2017.12.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mir FA, Shakeel u Rehman Asokan K et al (2014) Optical, DC and AC electrical investigations of 4-hydroxy coumarin molecule as an organic Schottky diode. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 25:1258–1263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-1718-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Raikar US, Renuka CG, Nadaf YF, Mulimani BG (2006) Steady-state, time-resolved fluorescence polarization behaviour and determination of dipole moments of coumarin laser dye. J Mol Struct 787:127–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.10.040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rose A (1963) Concepts in photoconductivity and allied problems. Interscience Publishers, New York

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mekki A, Ocaya RO, Dere A et al (2016) New photodiodes based graphene-organic semiconductor hybrid materials. Synth Met 213:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.12.026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cheung SK, Cheung NW (1986) Extraction of Schottky diode parameters from forward current–voltage characteristics. Appl Phys Lett 49:85–87. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.97359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Card HC, Rhoderick EH (1971) Studies of tunnel MOS diodes I. Interface effects in silicon Schottky diodes. J Phys D Appl Phys 4:319. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/4/10/319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Demirezen S, Altındal Ş, Uslu İ (2013) Two diodes model and illumination effect on the forward and reverse bias I–V and C–V characteristics of Au/PVA (Bi-doped)/n-Si photodiode at room temperature. Curr Appl Phys 13:53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.06.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bube RH (1960) Photoconductivity of solids, 1st edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang M, Xu Y, Lv J et al (2014) Capability of coupled CdSe/TiO2 heterogeneous structure for photocatalytic degradation and photoconductivity. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:636. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Moore J, Thompson C (2013) A phenomenological model for the photocurrent transient relaxation observed in ZnO-based photodetector devices. Sensors 13:9921–9940. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130809921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Khan W, Kim S-D (2017) Ultra-violet photo-response characteristics of p-Si/i-SiO2/n-ZnO heterojunctions based on hydrothermal ZnO nanorods. Mater Sci Semicond Process 66:232–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.04.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yakuphanoglu F, Mensah-Darkwa K, Al-Ghamdi AA et al (2016) Novel organic doped inorganic photosensors. Microelectron Eng 160:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.03.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Acar FZ, Buyukbas-Ulusan A, Tataroglu A (2018) Analysis of interface states in Au/ZnO/p-InP (MOS) structure. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 29:12553–12560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9371-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Doğan H, Yıldırım N, Orak İ et al (2015) Capacitance-conductance-frequency characteristics of Au/Ni/n-GaN/undoped GaN structures. Phys B Condens Matter 457:48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2014.09.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wageh S, Farooq WA, Tataroğlu A et al (2017) A photodiode based on PbS nanocrystallites for FYTRONIX solar panel automatic tracking controller. Phys B Condens Matter 527:44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2017.09.114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Amasya University BAP research Project with FMB-BAP 17-0292 Number and Gazi University Scientific Research Projects (Project Numbers: GU-BAP.05/2018-10 and GU-BAP.06/2018-05).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Aided Design and Animation, Vocational School of Design, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey

    Selçuk Demirezen

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Seçkin Altındal Yerişkin

Authors
  1. Selçuk Demirezen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seçkin Altındal Yerişkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Selçuk Demirezen.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Demirezen, S., Altındal Yerişkin, S. A detailed comparative study on electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Al/p-Si photodiodes with coumarin-doped PVA interfacial layer: the effect of doping concentration. Polym. Bull. 77, 49–71 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02704-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02704-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation