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Genomic, Physiological, Biochemical, and Phenotypic Evidences Reveal a New Species, Halomicroarcula salaria sp. nov

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Abstract

An extremely halophilic archaeon strain named FL173T was isolated from a salt mine (Anhui Province, China). Colonies on agar plate are orange-red, moist, and opaque. Cells are motile, Gram-stain-negative, polymorphic, and lyse in distilled water. Cells are able to grow at temperatures, NaCl concentrations, and pH ranging from 20 to 50 °C (optimum 42 °C), 2.6 to 5.1 M NaCl concentration (optimum 3.4 M), and 5.5 to 9.5 pH (optimum 7.0), respectively. Mg2+ is not necessary for growth. The major polar lipids of strain FL173T were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfonate (PGS), sulfonated mannosyl glycolipid (S-DGD-1). It has two copies of the 16S rRNA gene, which share the highest sequence similarity (93.04–99.02% sequence similarity) to the 16S rRNA genes of Halomicroarcula salinisoli F24AT, respectively. The rpoB' gene of strain FL173T showed the highest sequence similarity (93.76%) to that of H. salinisoli F24AT. The genome-based analysis showed that the average amino-acid identity (AAI), orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains FL173T and H. salinisoli F24AT were 84.80%, 85.29%, and 29.70%, respectively, which are far below the threshold for the delineation of a prokaryotic new species. The DNA G+C content of strain FL173T is 64.9%. Genomic, physiological, biochemical, and phenotypic evidences showed that strain FL173T (CGMCC 1.18851=NBRC 114260) represents a new species of the genus Halomicroarcula, for which the name Halomicroarcula salaria sp. nov. is proposed.

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Abbreviations

AAI:

Average amino-acid identity

ANI:

Average nucleotide identity

DDH:

DNA–DNA hybridization

BLAST:

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

ML:

Maximum-Likelihood

MP:

Maximum-Parsimony

NJ:

Neighbor-Joining

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol\

PGP-Me:

Phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester

PGS:

Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate

S-DGD-1:

Sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether

GL:

Glycolipid

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

CGMCC:

China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center

MES:

2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid

PIPES:

1, 4-Piperazine bis-ethanesulfonic acid

CHES:

2-Cyclohexylamino ethanesulfonic acid

CAPS:

N-Cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Feng Li from Dingyuan Salt Mine for assisting in sample collection, Mr. Hao Wu and Tingting Chen from Anhui Normal University for collation of the data.

Funding

This work was supported by Grants from the Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources (swzy202011), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2208085MC39), the Opening Project of the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources (SKLMR-20220702), the Outstanding Innovative Research Team for Molecular Enzymology and Detection in Anhui Provincial Universities (2022AH010012), the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Normal University for Undergraduates (Nos. S202210370295 and 202210370139).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China

    Tao Hong, Juntao Ke, Liangzhon Chen, Yuling Hao, Peng Lu & Shaoxing Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Shaoxing Chen

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Contributions

SC and PL: conceptualization and funding acquisition. TH, JK, LC and YH: data curation. TH and LC: investigation. TH and LC: methodology. TH and SC: writing-original draft. TH, JK and SC: writing-review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Peng Lu or Shaoxing Chen.

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Hong, T., Ke, J., Chen, L. et al. Genomic, Physiological, Biochemical, and Phenotypic Evidences Reveal a New Species, Halomicroarcula salaria sp. nov. Curr Microbiol 81, 71 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03574-9

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