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Early imaging of integration response to polypropylene mesh in abdominal Wall by environmental scanning electron microscopy: Comparison of two placement techniques and correlation with tensiometric studies

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Abstract

The repair of incisional hernias has taken advantage of the strength provided by prosthetic mesh grafts, but the best position for inserting the materials has not been conclusively established. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides imaging of bio-logic samples with minimal manipulation. We used ESEM for early imaging of the integration response to polypropylene meshes placed in two anatomic positions in the abdominal wall and correlated results with tensiometric studies. Two macroporous polypropylene prostheses were implanted in a rat model—one on the abdominal aponeurotic layer and one on the peritoneal surface—without creating a wall defect. Studies were performed over implantation intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days in strips obtained from the polypropylene fiber-receptor repair tissue interface. Microscopic appearance, tensile strength, percent elongation, and stiffness were evaluated. Meshes implanted on the abdominal aponeurotic layer showed better early tissue incorporation (higher collagen deposition, capillary density, cell accumulation) and increased tensile strength, reflecting tighter anchorage to the abdominal wall. The percent elongation increased from day 7 to day 30 after implantation, mainly in the deep stratum. The ESEM images correlated well with biomechanical results, indicating the potential of this technique as a powerful, effective tool for use in wound-healing studies.

Résumé

La cure des éventrations est basée sur la robuste d’une prothèse mais le meilleur endroit pour positionner cette prothèse n’est pas établi. La microscopie électronique peut fournir des images d’ordre biologique nécessitant un minimum de manipulations. Nous avons utilisé la ME pour mettre en évidence la réponse précoce de l’intégration aux prothèses de polypropylene, placées en deux positions anatomiques difféentes de la paroi abdominale et ensuite, nous avons corrélé ces résultats avec des études tensiométriques. On a donc implanté, chez le rat, deux prothèses de polypropylene macroporeuses, une sur l’aponévrose et l’autre sur la surface du péritoine, sans créer de defect pariétal. Des bandes provenant de l’interface de réparation tissu receveur/polypropylene ont été étudiées 7, 15 et 30 jours après l’implantation. L’aspect microscopique, la résistance à la rupture, le degré d’élongation et la rigidité ont été évalués. L’incorporation des prothèses, l’accumulation cellulaire et la résistance à la rupture étaient meilleures lorsque la prothèse avait été implantée sur l’aponévrose, témoignant d’un ancrage plus serré à la paroi abdominale. L’élongation avait eu lieu entre jours 7 à 30, surtout dans la couche profonde. L’imagerie ME corrélait bien avec les résultats biomécaniques, suggérant que cette technique était potentiellement un outil efficace et puissant pour la réparation.

Resumen

Gracias a la introducción de mallas protésicas en el tratamiento de las eventraciones postoperatorias, se han mejorado espectacularmente los resultados operatorios; sin embargo, sigue estando controvertido el lugar donde dichas mallas han de colocarse. La escanografia del entorno con microscopio electrónico (ESEM) permite obtener imágenes de muestras biológicas con una minima manipulación. Hemos empleado el ESEM con objeto de averiguar la capacidad de integración de las mallas de polipropileno colocadas en dos planos diferentes de la pared abdominad, correlacionando los resultados con estudios tensiométricos. Utilizando ratas, implantamos prótesis macroporosas de polipropileno en el plano aponeurótico y sobre el plano peritoneal del abdomen, sin efectuar solución de continuidad alguna de la pared abdominal. A los 7, 15 y 30 días tras la implantación se obtuvieron tiras de la malla de polipropileno para averiguar el acoplamiento que se produce entre el plano anatómico y la prótesis. Se evaluaron: el aspecto microscópico, la fuerza tensil, el porcentaje de elongación y rigidez. Las mallas implantadas en el plano aponeurótico abdominal mostraron una incorporación mejor y más rápida a los tejidos; se produjo una mayor acumulación celular con una mayor fuerza tensil, lo que demuestra un intimo anclaje a la pared abdominal. El porcentaje de elongación se incrementó desde el 7 al 30 días postimplante, sobre todo cuando la malla se colocó en planos profundos: preperitoneales. Las imágenes del ESEM se correlacionan perfectamente con los resultados biomecánicos, demostrando que esta técnica es adecuada y efectiva para estudios sobre la cicatrización de las heridas.

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Correspondence to María A. Arbos M.D, Ph.D..

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Ferrando, J.M., Vidal, J., Armengol, M. et al. Early imaging of integration response to polypropylene mesh in abdominal Wall by environmental scanning electron microscopy: Comparison of two placement techniques and correlation with tensiometric studies. World J. Surg. 25, 840–847 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-001-0038-z

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