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Stricter Ozone Ambient Air Quality Standard Has Beneficial Effect on Ponderosa Pine in California

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Abstract

Ambient air quality standards and control strategies are implemented to protect humans and vegetation from adverse effects. We used a process-based tree-growth model (TREGRO) to show that over the past 37 years, changes in O3 exposure, with accompanying variation in climate, are reflected in changes in the growth of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA. Despite variation in temperature and precipitation over the study period (1963–1999), O3 exposure consistently reduced simulated tree growth. Simulated growth reductions increased concurrent with increasing O3 exposure. The maximum growth reduction occurred in 1979. As O3 exposures decreased during the 1980s and 1990s, effects on growth also decreased. This implies that emission control strategies taken to reduce exposures to attain O3 standards benefited P. ponderosa growth in the San Bernardino Mountains. This modeling approach provides a powerful tool for solving the difficult problem of evaluating regulatory effectiveness by simulating plant response using long-term climate and air pollution exposure records for a given region.

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Acknowledgments

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has supported the research described in this article. The research has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW, 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA

    David T. Tingey, William E. Hogsett & E. Henry Lee

  2. USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA

    John A. Laurence

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  1. David T. Tingey
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  2. William E. Hogsett
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  3. E. Henry Lee
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  4. John A. Laurence
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Correspondence to David T. Tingey.

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Tingey, D., Hogsett, W., Lee, E. et al. Stricter Ozone Ambient Air Quality Standard Has Beneficial Effect on Ponderosa Pine in California. Environmental Management 34, 397–405 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0319-z

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