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Anthropometry and Current Aesthetic Concept of the Lower Third of the Face and Lips in Caucasian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Original Articles
  • Facial Surgery
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Abstract

Background

The lack of standardization of the norms and aesthetic concept of the lower third of the face and lips creates challenges in reconstructive surgery and aesthetic procedures. A large-scale, anthropometric measurements summary poses an alternative for establishing universal patterns.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Web of Science using keywords: lip, face, aesthetics, beauty, anthropometry and Caucasian. Seventy records were included in the review and checked in detail in terms of available data.

Results

The study contains a meta-analysis of twelve parameters with sufficient quantitative data—lip width, nose width, facial width, lower third of the face height, midline mandible height, total height of the upper and lower lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous upper lip height and nasolabial and mentolabial angle.

Conclusions

The review provides a detailed database of primary anthropometric studies of lips and perioral regions of the healthy Caucasian population. The attractiveness of the region is focused on uniformity of proportions. Notably, results acquired with different methods of measurement are not interchangeable. Despite many published anthropometric studies, systems for conducting the measurements and reporting the results are not sufficiently unified to quantitatively assess meticulous key aesthetic clinical parameters.

Level of Evidence I

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Acknowledgments

The study has been registered in PROSPERO—ID CRD42022362771.

All authors have viewed and agreed to the submission.

The review has not been sponsored or financially supported.

We want to thank Aleksandra Sołtysiak for designing the graphics presented in Figs. 3 and 4 and Dr. Konrad Wilgosz for reviewing the manuscript as an orthognathic surgeon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B St, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland

    Natalia Winiarska, Albert Stachura, Bartłomiej Roszkowski, Paweł Włodarski & Wiktor Paskal

  2. Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland

    Albert Stachura

  3. Private Practice, Warsaw, Poland

    Piotr Pietruski

  4. Department of Plastic Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Lublin, Poland

    Piotr Pietruski

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  1. Natalia Winiarska
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  2. Albert Stachura
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Correspondence to Wiktor Paskal.

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Winiarska, N., Stachura, A., Roszkowski, B. et al. Anthropometry and Current Aesthetic Concept of the Lower Third of the Face and Lips in Caucasian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesth Plast Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-03930-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-03930-5

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