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3D Soft Tissue Analysis – Part 2: Vertical Parameters

3D-Weichteilanalyse – Teil 2: Vertikale Parameter

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction:

The increasing relevance of 3D methods in orthodontic diagnostics and treatment planning calls for the development of new analysis methods and the definition of three-dimensional mean values.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop a reliable threedimensional (3D) analysis of facial soft tissues. Our objectives were to determine vertical 3D mean values and define the relationship between vertical skeletal parameters and digitally-recorded 3D soft tissue parameters.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 100 adult patients (♀ = 53, ♂ = 47) of Caucasian ethnic origin were included in the study. Patients with syndromes, cleft lip and palate, noticeable asymmetry or anomalies in the number of teeth were excluded. Arithmetic means for three vertical 3D soft tissue parameters were calculated. The parameters were analyzed biometrically in terms of their reliability and gender-specific differences. Furthermore, the 3D soft tissue values were analyzed with regard to any correlations with vertical cephalometric values. In addition, we employed stepwise discriminant analysis, a multivariate statistical method, to examine the extent to which correct assessment of craniofacial morphology is possible by referring to those 3D parameters.

Results:

We successfully defined reproducible 3D mean values for the 3D soft tissue parameters, demonstrating highly significant correlations between the vertical 3D soft tissue measurements and cephalometric measurements. 89.8% of the patients could be correctly assigned to a vertical or horizontal craniofacial morphology according to the 3D soft tissue values.

Conclusion:

3D soft tissue analysis provides information about vertical skeletal parameters, allowing assessment of vertical craniofacial morphology. Further investigation will be required so that 3D soft tissue diagnosis can be integrated into treatment planning and assessment as a supportive diagnostic tool in the future.

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung:

Die zunehmende Relevanz von 3D-Verfahren im Rahmen der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik und Therapieplanung erfordert die Entwicklung neuer Analyseverfahren sowie die Definition dreidimensionaler Durchschnittswerte.

Zielsetzung:

Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Entwicklung einer reliablen dreidimensionalen (3D) Analyse der Gesichtsweichteile. Es sollten vertikale 3D-Durchschnittswerte bestimmt werden und die Beziehung zwischen vertikalen skelettalen Parametern und digital erfassten 3D-Weichteilparametern dargestellt werden.

Patienten und Methodik:

In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden 100 erwachsene Probanden (♀ = 53, ♂ = 47) kaukasischer Herkunft. Ausgeschlossen wurden Probanden mit Syndromen, LKGS-Spalten, auffälligen Asymmetrien oder Anomalien der Zahnzahl. Es wurden arithmetische Mittelwerte für drei vertikale 3D-Weichteilparameter ermittelt. Die Parameter wurden biometrisch hinsichtlich ihrer Reliabilität und geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede analysiert. Des Weiteren wurden die 3D-Weichteilwerte bezüglich bestehender Korrelationen zu vertikalen kephalometrischen Werten untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde mittels eines multivariaten statischen Verfahrens, der schrittweisen Diskriminanzanalyse, überprüft, inwieweit anhand der untersuchten 3DParameter eine korrekte Beurteilung des Gesichtsschädelaufbaus möglich ist.

Ergebnisse:

Für die 3D-Weichteilparameter konnten reproduzierbare 3D-Durchschnittswerte definiert werden. Es konnten hochsignifikante Korrelationen zwischen den vertikalen 3D-Weichteilmessungen und den kephalometrischen Messungen nachgewiesen werden. 89,8% der Patienten konnten anhand der 3D-Weichteilwerte korrekt vertikalem oder horizontalem Gesichtsschädelaufbau zugeordnet werden.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die 3D-Weichteilanalyse lässt Aussagen über vertikale skelettale Parameter zu und ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des vertikalen Gesichtsschädelaufbaus. Weitere Untersuchungen sind wünschenswert, um die 3D-Weichteildiagnostik zukünftig als unterstützendes diagnostisches Instrument in die Behandlungsplanung und -bewertung integrieren zu können.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Janka Kochel, Philipp Meyer-Marcotty, Susanne Schneck & Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer

  2. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Michael Kochel

  3. Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Janka Kochel

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  1. Janka Kochel
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  2. Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
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  5. Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer
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Correspondence to Janka Kochel.

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Kochel, J., Meyer-Marcotty, P., Kochel, M. et al. 3D Soft Tissue Analysis – Part 2: Vertical Parameters. J Orofac Orthop 71, 207–220 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-010-9943-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-010-9943-9

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