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Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: how to avoid pitfalls

  • Special Section: Chronic Liver Disease
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Abstract

This essay aimed to illustrate the various hepatic nodules that may exhibit arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI). Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on CT/MRI include hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasms, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic bile duct adenoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma, hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma, and metastasis including neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Understanding the imaging findings is important to ensure correct diagnosis.

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Funding

This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971684, 81771908, and 81600508).

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  1. Mimi Tang and Yin Li have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China

    Mimi Tang, Zhi Lin, Bingqi Shen, Mengqi Huang, Zi-Ping Li, Xuehua Li & Shi-Ting Feng

  2. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Yin Li

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  1. Mimi Tang
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Tang, M., Li, Y., Lin, Z. et al. Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: how to avoid pitfalls. Abdom Radiol 45, 3730–3742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02560-0

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