American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed, text revision. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–44.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Braak H, Braak E. Frequency of stages of Alzheimer-related lesions in different age categories. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18:351–7.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Delacourte A, David JP, Sergeant N, Buee L, Wattez A, Vermersch P, et al. The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1999;52:1158–65.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, DeKosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Cummings J, et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:734–46.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7:270–279
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, Wang Y, Blomqvist G, Holt DP, et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:306–19.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Forsberg A, Engler H, Almkvist O, Blomquist G, Hagman G, Wall A, et al. PET imaging of amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29:1456–65
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rinne JO, Brooks DJ, Rossor MN, Fox NC, Bullock R, Klunk WE, et al. 11C-PiB PET assessment of change in fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer’s disease treated with bapineuzumab: a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:363–72.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mintun MA, Larossa GN, Sheline YI, Dence CS, Lee SY, Mach RH, et al. [11C]PIB in a nondemented population: potential antecedent marker of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006;67:446–52.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jagust WJ, Landau SM, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Koeppe RA, Reiman EM, et al. Relationships between biomarkers in aging and dementia. Neurology. 2009;73:1193–9.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kudo Y, Okamura N, Furumoto S, Tashiro M, Furukawa K, Maruyama M, et al. 2-(2-[2-Dimethylaminothiazol-5-yl]ethenyl)-6-(2-[fluoro]ethoxy)benzoxazole: a novel PET agent for in vivo detection of dense amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:553–61.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Waragai M, Okamura N, Furukawa K, Tashiro M, Furumoto S, Funaki Y, et al. Comparison study of amyloid PET and voxel-based morphometry analysis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2009;285:100–8.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Shao H, Okamura N, Sugi K, Furumoto S, Furukawa K, Tashiro M, et al. Voxel-based analysis of amyloid positron emission tomography probe [C]BF-227 uptake in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;30:101–11.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Small GW, Kepe V, Ercoli LM, Siddarth P, Bookheimer SY, Miller KJ, et al. PET of brain amyloid and tau in mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2652–63.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Thompson PW, Ye L, Morgenstern JL, Sue L, Beach TG, Judd DJ, et al. Interaction of the amyloid imaging tracer FDDNP with hallmark Alzheimer’s disease pathologies. J Neurochem. 2009;109:623–30.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vandenberghe R, Van Laere K, Ivanoiu A, Salmon E, Bastin C, Triau E, et al. 18F-flutemetamol amyloid imaging in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: a phase 2 trial. Ann Neurol. 2010;68:319–29.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Rowe CC, Ackerman U, Browne W, Mulligan R, Pike KL, O’Keefe G, et al. Imaging of amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease with (18)F-BAY94-9172, a novel PET tracer: proof of mechanism. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:129–35.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S, Peters O, Bartenstein P, Buerger K, et al. Cerebral amyloid-β PET with florbetaben (18F) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:424–35
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Carpenter Jr AP, Pontecorvo MJ, Hefti FF, Skovronsky DM. The use of the exploratory IND in the evaluation and development of 18F-PET radiopharmaceuticals for amyloid imaging in the brain: a review of one company’s experience. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;53:387–93.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Choi SR, Golding G, Zhuang Z, Zhang W, Lim N, Hefti F, et al. Preclinical properties of 18F-AV-45: a PET agent for Abeta plaques in the brain. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1887–94.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Clark CM, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, Beach TG, Bilker WB, Mintun MA, et al. Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology. JAMA. 2011;305:275–83.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lin KJ, Hsu WC, Hsiao IT, Wey SP, Jin LW, Skovronsky D, et al. Whole-body biodistribution and brain PET imaging with [18F]AV-45, a novel amyloid imaging agent – a pilot study. Nucl Med Biol. 2010;37:497–508.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wong DF, Rosenberg PB, Zhou Y, Kumar A, Raymont V, Ravert HT, et al. In vivo imaging of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease using the radioligand 18F-AV-45 (flobetapir F 18). J Nucl Med. 2010;51:913–20.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fleisher AS, Chen K, Liu X, Roontiva A, Thiyyagura P, Ayutyanont N, et al. Using positron emission tomography and florbetapir F18 to image cortical amyloid in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1404–11
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:303–8.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sarazin M, Berr C, De Rotrou J, Fabrigoule C, Pasquier F, Legrain S, et al. Amnestic syndrome of the medial temporal type identifies prodromal AD: a longitudinal study. Neurology. 2007;69:1859–67.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mattis S. Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In: Bellak L, Karasu TB, editors. Geriatric psychiatry. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1976. p. 77–121.
Google Scholar
Grober E, Buschke H, Crystal H, Bang S, Dresner R. Screening for dementia by memory testing. Neurology. 1988;38:900–3.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Deloche G, Hannequin D, Dordain M, Perrier D, Pichard B, Quint S, et al. Picture confrontation oral naming: performance differences between aphasics and normals. Brain Lang. 1996;53:105–20.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Golden CJ, Hammeke TA, Purisch AD. Diagnostic validity of a standardized neuropsychological battery derived from Luria’s neuropsychological tests. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46:1258–65.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mahieux-Laurent F, Fabre C, Galbrun E, Dubrulle A, Moroni C. Validation of a brief screening scale evaluating praxic abilities for use in memory clinics. Evaluation in 419 controls, 127 mild cognitive impairment and 320 demented patients. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2009;165:560–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rey A. Manuel: test de copie et de reproduction de mémoire de figures géométriques complexes. Paris: Centre de Psychologie Appliquée; 1959
Google Scholar
Jensen AR. Scoring the Stroop test. Acta Psychol. 1965;24:398–408.
Article
Google Scholar
Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale Revised manual. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; 1987
Google Scholar
Reitan R. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Ski. 1958;8:271–6.
Google Scholar
Liu Y, Zhu L, Plössl K, Choi SR, Qiao H, Sun X, et al. Optimization of automated radiosynthesis of [18F]AV-45: a new PET imaging agent for Alzheimer’s disease. Nucl Med Biol. 2010;37:917–25
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2011. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. URL http://www.R-project.org
Ikonomovic MD, Klunk WE, Abrahamson EE, Mathis CA, Price JC, Tsopelas ND, et al. Post-mortem correlates of in vivo PiB-PET amyloid imaging in a typical case of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2008;131:1630–45.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Raji CA, Becker JT, Tsopelas ND, Price JC, Mathis CA, Saxton JA, et al. Characterizing regional correlation, laterality and symmetry of amyloid deposition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound B. J Neurosci Methods. 2008;172:277–82.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rowe CC, Ng S, Ackermann U, Gong SJ, Pike K, Savage G, et al. Imaging beta-amyloid burden in aging and dementia. Neurology. 2007;68:1718–25.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Villemagne VL, Ong K, Mulligan RS, Holl G, Pejoska S, Jones G, et al. Amyloid imaging with (18)F-florbetaben in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1210–7.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Halliday G, Song Y, Harding A. Striatal β-amyloid in dementia with Lewy bodies but not Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm. 2011;118:713–9.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Koivunen J, Verkkoniemi A, Aalto S, Paetau A, Ahonen JP, Viitanen M, et al. PET amyloid ligand [11C]PIB uptake shows predominantly striatal increase in variant Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2008;131:1845–53.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Furukawa K, Okamura N, Tashiro M, Waragai M, Furumoto S, Iwata R, et al. Amyloid PET in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with BF-227: comparison to FDG-PET. J Neurol. 2010;257:721–7.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Reiman EM, Chen K, Liu X, Bandy D, Yu M, Lee W, et al. Fibrillar amyloid-beta burden in cognitively normal people at 3 levels of genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:6820–5.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Grimmer T, Tholen S, Yousefi BH, Alexopoulos P, Forschler A, Forstl H, et al. Progression of cerebral amyloid load is associated with the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 genotype in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68:879–84.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar