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Application of stem cells in bone repair

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 July 2008

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 July 2008

Abstract

Bone has the ability to repair minor injuries through remodeling. However, when the host source of osteoprogenitors is compromised at the defect site, one effective treatment may be cell-based therapy, as it replenishes the area of bone loss with cells possessing osteogenic potential. This review is a concise comparison of different types of stem cells that have the potential to be used in tissue-engineered scaffolds for bone repair. The clinical use of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells isolated from the bone marrow for treating various diseases has been well documented. However, the scarcity of these cells prompts the search for alternative sources of multipotential cells such as amniotic fluid stem cells and umbilical cord perivascular cells. Embryonic stem cells are another controversial source of cells with osteogenic potential. These cells have the ability to differentiate into all cell types of the adult body. Issues such as the use of human embryos and the risk of contamination from animal-derived culture components continue to prevent the therapeutic use of ESCs. As a result, abundant research has been carried out to design defined culture conditions for culturing ESCs, and alternative strategies such as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells are being developed to eliminate the need for using embryos for cell derivation. In addition to the cell source, the ability to control stem cell differentiation into functional bone and the choice of biomaterial are also paramount objectives that are being examined in research and clinical trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G9

    Elaine Y. L. Waese & William L. Stanford

  2. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G9

    Elaine Y. L. Waese, Rita R. Kandel & William L. Stanford

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Rita R. Kandel

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  1. Elaine Y. L. Waese
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  2. Rita R. Kandel
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  3. William L. Stanford
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Correspondence to William L. Stanford.

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An erratum to this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-008-0476-x

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Waese, E.Y.L., Kandel, R.R. & Stanford, W.L. Application of stem cells in bone repair. Skeletal Radiol 37, 601–608 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-007-0438-8

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