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Amino Acids in the Root Exudates of Agave lechuguilla Torr. Favor the Recruitment and Enzymatic Activity of Nutrient-Improvement Rhizobacteria

  • Soil Microbiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Agave lechuguilla is a widely distributed plant in arid ecosystems. It has been suggested that its microbiome is partially responsible for its great adaptability to the oligotrophic environments of the Chihuahuan Desert. To lead the recruitment of beneficial rhizobacteria, the root exudates are essential; however, the amino acids contained within these compounds had been largely overlooked. Thus, we investigated how the variations of amino acids in the rhizosphere at different growth stages of A. lechuguilla affect the rhizobacterial community composition, its functions, and activity of the beneficial bacteria. In this regard, it was found that arginine and tyrosine were related to the composition of the rhizobacterial community associated to A. lechuguilla, where the most abundant genera were from the phylum Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, Firmicutes was largely represented by Bacillus in the phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria community, which may indicate its great distribution and versatility in the harsh environments of the Chihuahuan Desert. In contrast, we found a high proportion of Unknown taxa of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reflecting the enormous diversity in the rhizosphere of these types of plants that remains to be explored. This work also reports the influence of micronutrients and the amino acids methionine and arginine over the increased activity of the nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of lechuguillas. In addition, the results highlight the multiple beneficial functions present in the microbiome that could help the host to tolerate arid conditions and improve nutrient availability.

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Data Availability

The raw sequences obtained from Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA, nifH, and phoD gene amplicons are available in the GenBank Sequence Read Archive under the Bioproject accession PRJNA672793. R codes are available on request.

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Acknowledgements

GMR thanks CONACyT for the Ph.D. scholarship grant 332648. We want to thank Juan Pablo Rodas Ortíz, Guillermo Vidriales Escobar, and Ma. del Carmen Rocha Medina for technical support during the development of this project.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the funding of SEP-CONACyT Basic Science 254406 to NELL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CONACyT–División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica, A.C., Camino a La Presa de San José 2055, Lomas 4Ta Secc, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico

    Guadalupe Medina-de la Rosa, Lourdes B. Celis-García & Nguyen Esmeralda López-Lozano

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190, Morelia, Mich, Mexico

    Felipe García-Oliva

  3. CONACyT–Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica, A.C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico

    Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez

  4. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72000, Puebla, Pue., Mexico

    Lucía López-Reyes

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  1. Guadalupe Medina-de la Rosa
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  2. Felipe García-Oliva
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NELL contributed to the study conception and design. GMDR, NELL, and FGO performed the data collection, general analysis, interpretation, and draft of the paper. FGO coordinated the enzymatic activities and physicochemical soil properties analysis. COV coordinated the sequence analysis and functional predictions. LBC and LLR contributed to the identification of the amino acids in root exudates and performed data interpretation. All authors reviewed the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Nguyen Esmeralda López-Lozano.

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la Rosa, G.Md., García-Oliva, F., Ovando-Vázquez, C. et al. Amino Acids in the Root Exudates of Agave lechuguilla Torr. Favor the Recruitment and Enzymatic Activity of Nutrient-Improvement Rhizobacteria. Microb Ecol 86, 1176–1188 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02162-x

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