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Fungal Community Shift Along Steep Environmental Gradients from Geothermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park

  • Fungal Microbiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Geothermal soils offer unique insight into the way extreme environmental factors shape communities of organisms. However, little is known about the fungi growing in these environments and in particular how localized steep abiotic gradients affect fungal diversity. We used metabarcoding to characterize soil fungi surrounding a hot spring-fed thermal creek with water up to 84 °C and pH 10 in Yellowstone National Park. We found a significant association between fungal communities and soil variable principal components, and we identify the key trends in co-varying soil variables that explain the variation in fungal community. Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi community profiles followed, and were significantly associated with, different soil variable principal components, highlighting potential differences in the factors that structure these different fungal trophic guilds. In addition, in vitro growth experiments in four target fungal species revealed a wide range of tolerances to pH levels but not to heat. Overall, our results documenting turnover in fungal species within a few hundred meters suggest many co-varying environmental factors structure the diverse fungal communities found in the soils of Yellowstone National Park.

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Data Availability

All sequences are in GenBank and will be made public after publication: MW471687—MW472279.

Code Availability

Code for analyses is available at: https://github.com/abazzical/YellowstoneFungi.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Maddie Trent, Rio Wofford, Colin Kennedy, Seamus Hoolahan, and Kathryn Gannon for assistance in the field and laboratory, and the Quandt lab for suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. Cathy Zabinski helped obtaining the collecting permit, Dan Colman assisted with sampling design, and Kabir Peay provided raw data from another study that allowed fungal community comparisons. In addition, we thank three anonymous reviewers for crucial input on previous versions of this study. We also thank Yellowstone National Park for allowing the collection of samples in Rabbit Creek (YELL-2018-SCI8062).

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  1. Anna L. Bazzicalupo and Sonya Erlandson equally contributed to the study

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Anna L. Bazzicalupo

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

    Sonya Erlandson, Megan Ratz & Lauren Ruffing

  3. Graduate Field of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Margaret Branine

  4. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Nhu H. Nguyen

  5. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA

    Sara Branco

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Contributions

ALB analyzed data, produced the figures, and wrote the manuscript; SE produced the data in the wet lab and advised on analyses; MB, MR, and LR collected field samples and produced in vitro culture data; NN consulted on the manuscript; SB designed the study, collected samples, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors edited the final version of the manuscript. All authors have approved this draft of the paper.

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Correspondence to Anna L. Bazzicalupo.

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Bazzicalupo, A.L., Erlandson, S., Branine, M. et al. Fungal Community Shift Along Steep Environmental Gradients from Geothermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park. Microb Ecol 84, 33–43 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01848-y

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