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Dilution-to-Extinction Culturing of Psychrotolerant Planktonic Bacteria from Permanently Ice-covered Lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

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Abstract

Lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are characterized by a permanent ice cover and little or no anthropogenic influence. Although bacterial cultures have been obtained from these habitats, recent culture-independent studies indicate that the most abundant microbes in these systems are not yet cultivated. By using dilution-to-extinction cultivation methods with sterilized and nutrient-amended lake water as media, we isolated 148 chemotrophic psychrotolerant bacterial cultures from fresh surface water of Lake Fryxell and the east lobe of Lake Bonney and the hypersaline, suboxic bottom water from the west lobes of Lake Bonney. Screening of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes of the cultures by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) yielded 57 putatively pure psychrotolerant, slow growing cultures grouped into 18 clusters. The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of randomly selected representatives of each RFLP cluster revealed that the corresponding isolates belong to the Alphaproteobacteria (six RFLP patterns), Betaproteobacteria (six RFLP patterns), Bacteroidetes (four RFLP patterns), and Actinobacteria (two RFLP patterns). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that the vast majority of the isolates were not closely related to previously described species. Thirteen of 18 RFLP patterns shared a 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequence similarity of 97% or less with the closest described species, and four isolates had a sequence similarity of 93% or less with the nearest described species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences were representatives of deeply branching organisms in the respective phylum. A comparison of the isolates with 16S rRNA clone libraries prepared from the same environments showed substantial overlap, indicating that dilution-to-extinction culturing in natural lake water media can help isolate some of the most abundant organisms in these perennially ice-covered lakes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NSF 0522990 to BDL and SJG. Samples were collected by MT Madigan, DO Jung, and WM Sattley. We would like to thank MT Madigan for constructive comments on this manuscript. Data in Table 1 were provided by JC Priscu of the McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research Project, NSF-OPP 432595.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    U. Stingl, K. L. Vergin & S. J. Giovannoni

  2. Division of Biology and Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea

    J.-C. Cho

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    W. Foo & B. Lanoil

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  1. U. Stingl
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  2. J.-C. Cho
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  3. W. Foo
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  4. K. L. Vergin
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  5. B. Lanoil
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  6. S. J. Giovannoni
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Correspondence to U. Stingl.

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Stingl, U., Cho, JC., Foo, W. et al. Dilution-to-Extinction Culturing of Psychrotolerant Planktonic Bacteria from Permanently Ice-covered Lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Microb Ecol 55, 395–405 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9284-4

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