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Imaging of DICER1 syndrome

  • Pediatric oncologic imaging
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Abstract

DICER1 syndrome is a highly pleiotropic tumor predisposition syndrome that has been increasingly recognized in the last 10 years. Diseases in the syndrome result from mutations in both copies of the gene DICER1, a highly conserved gene that is critically implicated in micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) biogenesis and hence modulation of messenger RNAs. In general, susceptible individuals carry an inherited germline mutation that disables one copy of DICER1; within tumors, a very characteristic second mutation alters function of the other gene copy. About 20 hamartomatous, hyperplastic or neoplastic conditions comprise DICER1 syndrome. Most are not life-threatening, but some are aggressive malignancies. There are many unaffected carriers because penetrance is generally low; however, clinically occult thyroid nodules and lung cysts are frequent. Rare diseases of early childhood were the first recognized conditions in DICER1 syndrome, while other conditions affect adolescents and adults. The hallmarks of DICER1 syndrome are certain rare tumors including pleuropulmonary blastoma; cystic nephroma; ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor; sarcomas of the cervix, kidneys and cerebrum; pituitary blastoma; ciliary body medulloepithelioma; and nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma. Radiologists are often the first practitioners to observe these diverse manifestations and play a primary role in recognizing DICER1 syndrome.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully appreciate the contributions of innumerable physicians and families to knowledge of DICER1 syndrome. The authors thank Leanne de Kock, PhD, for critical review of the manuscript and Patrick Johnson for image processing. Dr. Foulkes obtained funding from a Canadian Institute of Health Research Foundation grant (FDN-148390).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Suite 470, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    R. Paul Guillerman

  2. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre,, Jewish General Hospital,, Montreal, QC, Canada

    William D. Foulkes

  3. Minneapolis, USA

    John R. Priest

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  1. R. Paul Guillerman
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  2. William D. Foulkes
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Correspondence to R. Paul Guillerman.

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Guillerman, R.P., Foulkes, W.D. & Priest, J.R. Imaging of DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 49, 1488–1505 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04429-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04429-x

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