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Exploring thermal dynamics of polyaniline-modified paraffin wax phase change material with varied PANI loadings (1–4% wt.)

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Abstract

In this experimental study, we explore the potential enhancements in thermal conductivity while investigating alterations in latent heat and phase change temperature within Composite Phase Change Materials (PCMs). These composites consist of Paraffin Wax (PW) as the base material, incorporating dispersed conducting Polyaniline (PANI) powder in varying concentrations ranging from 1% wt. to 4% wt. The mass fractions of PANI added to PW include 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, and the composite PCMs are meticulously prepared through ultrasonication. Examining the surface morphology of Composite Phase Change Materials (PCMs) involved utilizing a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the determination of thermal conductivity employed a Heat Flow Meter. Additionally, latent heat and phase change temperatures were assessed through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results indicate an augmentation in the thermal conductivity of the composites when compared to Paraffin Wax (PW). Specifically, thermal conductivity exhibited a 40% increase for 1% wt. of PANI, yet experienced a subsequent decline for the remaining weight percentages. Furthermore, the latent heat and phase change temperatures of the composites were observed to decrease in comparison to PW. These composite PCMs with enhanced thermal conductivity, achieved through the incorporation of Polyaniline in Paraffin Wax, are highly potential for several applications in energy storage systems, thermal regulation devices, and heat management technologies.

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

°C :

Degree centigrade

K :

Thermal conductivity, W/(mK)

k comp :

Thermal conductivity of composite PCMs, W/(mK)

k pw :

Thermal conductivity of PW, W/(mK)

ΔHcomp :

Latent heat of composite PCMs, kJ/kg

ΔHpw :

Latent heat of PW, kJ/kg

mW :

Milli Watts

%Wt. :

Percent weight

Ψ :

Psi, %

DSC:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

PANI:

Polyaniline

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

PW:

Paraffin Wax

PWPA:

Paraffin Wax Polyaniline

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through small group Research Project under grant number RGP 1/80/44. The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the iRMC of Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Australia, and the School of Engineering, Technology, Central Queensland University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through small group Research Project under grant number RGP 1/80/44.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Emeema Janumala & Murali Govindarajan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India

    Bommareddi Venkateswara Reddi

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, 637205, Tamil Nadu, India

    Murugan Manickam

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia

    C. Ahamed Saleel

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mamdooh Alwetaishi

  6. School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Saboor Shaik

  7. Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Nur-E-Alam & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

  8. School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027, WA, Australia

    Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

  9. School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia

    Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

  10. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India

    Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

  11. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan

  12. Research Fellow, Metharath University, Bang Toei, 12160, Thailand

    Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan

Authors
  1. Emeema Janumala
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  2. Murali Govindarajan
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  4. Murugan Manickam
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  5. Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan
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  6. C. Ahamed Saleel
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  7. Mamdooh Alwetaishi
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  9. Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
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  10. Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
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Contributions

J. Emeema, and M. Govindarajan: performed the experimental work, visualization, data analysis, and writing the manuscript draft, B. V. Reddi, M. Murugan, E. P. Venkatesan, C. A. Saleel, M. Alwetaishi, and S. Shaik: Discussion, Data curation, Data Analytics, and writing and review the manuscript, and M.Nur-E-Alam, and M.E.M. Soudagar: Visualization, Validation, Data curation, Data Analytics, supervision, and writing and review the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan.

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Janumala, E., Govindarajan, M., Reddi, B.V. et al. Exploring thermal dynamics of polyaniline-modified paraffin wax phase change material with varied PANI loadings (1–4% wt.). Heat Mass Transfer (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-024-03454-3

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