Abstract
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a cosmopolitan sea turtle species and is listed by IUCN as Vulnerable globally. The Southwest Atlantic is an important regional management unit of C. caretta worldwide due to the distinctive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineage promoted by recent radiation within the Atlantic-Mediterranean region. However, due to the low resolution of mtDNA, the population structure of C. caretta SWA has not been well understood in the previous studies using only mtDNA. Our study encloses data from literature and a long-term genetic survey (1999 to 2021) distributed through four great nesting areas for the Southwest Atlantic to assess the genetic diversity and the population structure of the C. caretta, using both mtDNA and 15 microsatellite loci. The results demonstrate that the genetic diversity indexes of the Southwest Atlantic C. caretta reflect distinct compositions at a population level due to variation at an individual level. The SSRs results identified well-established and significant spatial population structure between nesting areas. Unique genetic patterns were identified for those females from studied areas of the Southwest Atlantic, and it may be related to their philopatric behavior and high relatedness. Thus, this study deeply evaluated the molecular ecology of Southwest Atlantic C. caretta and provides, for the first time, a fine-scale and long-term resolution of the genetic diversity and population structure due to the use of microsatellite data that must be considered for further studies.
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Data availability
Sequences associated with the D-loop haplotypes (Cc-A4.5, Cc-A4.4, and Cc-A4.6) are deposited at GenBank by accession numbers MZ466566–MZ466568.
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Acknowledgements
The present study was carried out as part of the Aquatic Biodiversity Monitoring Program, Ambiental Area I, established by the Technical-Scientific Agreement (DOU number 30/2018) between FEST/RRDM and Renova Foundation. This study was supported in part by the IBAMA/ICMBio, the Fundação Projeto TAMAR, CAPES, FAPES, and the Federal University of Espírito Santo. We thank FEST for the scholarships, the Marcos Daniel Institute, Tommy Magalhães, and Fundação Projeto TAMAR for the fieldwork, Luciano Soares, Juliana Justino, Monique Nascimento, and the Núcleo de Genética aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade for technical support.
Funding
This work was supported by the IBAMA/ICMBio, Fundação Projeto Tamar, and the work of Sarah Maria Vargas was supported by Fest/RRDM and Renova Foundation, 30/2018.
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SL and SMV designed the study; ACB, JE, LA, and PRLG carried out field and laboratory work; SL analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; SL, LM, and SMV reviewed the drafts; SMV supervised and coordinated the project; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Ludwig, S., Amorim, L., Barcelos, A.C. et al. Going deeper into the molecular ecology of the Southwest Atlantic Caretta caretta (Testudinata: Cheloniidae), what do microsatellites reveal to us?. Mar Biol 170, 78 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04212-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04212-5