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The unusual floatation collar around nauplii of certain parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)

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Abstract

Nauplii of the rhizocephalan families Peltogastridae and Lernaeodiscidae carry a torus-shaped collar around the body. It consists of an exceedingly thin cuticle connected to the general body cuticle along a continuous narrow ridge. In nauplii of some species, the collar is very large and its surface ornamented by a very conspicuous reticulated pattern of ridges. In other species the collar is smaller and with a smooth surface that impedes its detection when using a light microscope. The collar is absent from nauplii of all investigated species of the Sacculinidae. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the collar of the succeeding nauplius instar is formed in an unexpanded state beneath the old cuticle and it must therefore be inflated at or immediately after ecdysis. At ecdysis the collar of the old instar breaks along the attachment ridge, leaving the empty collar and the exuvium of the general body as separate objects. The collar must have a profound influence on the hydrodynamic properties of the nauplius, both when swimming and passively sinking. We therefore consider it as a “floatation device”, a view supported by the absence of the collar in the rapidly swimming cypris larvae. There is no obvious homology to the collar outside the Rhizocephala, and it therefore appears to have evolved only once.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for financial support from the Danish Natural Science Research Council (SNF) and the Carlsberg Foundation (990968/60-1239) for grants and instruments used for this study. Very special thanks go to the former skipper of “Oscar von Sydow”, Mr. S. Robertson (Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Sweden) for his skill and enthusiasm in assisting biologists in getting their animals at all seasons and to J.A. Sneli and the crew of “Harry Borten” at Biologisk Stasjon, Trondheim, Norway, for saving the day and bringing up Cyphosaccus norvegicus from hundreds of metres depth. Finally, we are grateful to Prof. J. Lützen for having spearheaded modern research on the fascinating rhizocephalan barnacles. The authors hereby declare that all experiments and methods fully comply with the laws and regulations of the countries in which they were performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoomorphology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, 15 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark

    J. T. Høeg & O. S. Møller

  2. Department of Chorology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

    A. V. Rybakov

Authors
  1. J. T. Høeg
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  2. O. S. Møller
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  3. A. V. Rybakov
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Correspondence to O. S. Møller.

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Communicated by L. Hagerman, Helsingør

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Høeg, J.T., Møller, O.S. & Rybakov, A.V. The unusual floatation collar around nauplii of certain parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Marine Biology 144, 483–492 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1225-2

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