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Differential retinal origins of separate anatomical channels for pattern and motion vision in rabbit

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Abstract

The most conspicuous feature of the rabbit retina is the visual streak that extends along the horizontal azimuth from the nasal margin to the temporal limit of the retina. We believe the streak processes movement vision and that the temporal region (area centralis) is responsible for pattern perception. Both anatomical and behavioural experiments were used to test this hypothesis. Behavioural measures of pattern vision in normal and chiasma-sectioned rabbits revealed both to have the same visual acuity. Using OKN as a measure of movement vision, normal rabbits showed both a directional and velocity-tuned response. The chiasma-sectioned rabbits, with only uncrossed fibre projections remaining, showed a total loss of movement detection. The injection of HRP into the vitreal chamber of one eye in normal rabbits revealed extensive uptake throughout the contralateral thalamus. In the ipsilateral thalamus, there was uptake solely from the ipsilateral retinal projection to a restricted wafer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The chiasma cut rabbits showed a very different distribution of HRP in the thalamus. The uptake was restricted to a thin wafer of the LGN, with no contralateral uptake. Thus, the thalamic projections from the retinal area centralis were strictly segregated from the thalamic target areas for the visual streak without any overlap. These findings provide strong evidence for separate retinal origins with anatomically separate pathways for pattern and movement vision in the rabbit.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AOS:

Accessory optic system

DPFl:

Dorsal paraflocculus

HVI:

Cerebellar vermal lobus simplex

HVII:

Vermal lobule

LDN:

Lateral dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic system

LGN:

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

LTN:

Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system

MST:

Region in parietal extrastriate cortex anterior to MT

MT:

Region in parietal extrastriate cortex

MTN:

Medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system

M cells:

Retinal ganglion cells which in monkey and humans project to the magnocellular layers of the LGN

P cells:

Retinal ganglion cells which in monkey and human project to the parvocellular layers of the LGN

NOT:

Nucleus of the optic tract

NP:

Pontine nucleus

SPEM:

Smooth pursuit eye movements

V1:

Striate cortex or Brodmann area of 17 of the cerebral cortex

V2:

Brodmann area 18 of the cortex

VOR:

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

X cells:

Retinal ganglion cells with small receptive fields—tuned to patterns

Y cells:

Retinal ganglion cells with large receptive fields—tuned to motion

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Scott &White research grants ID# 1810 to ISR and ID# 7985 to JAC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77802, USA

    I. Steele-Russell, M. I. Russell, J. A. Castiglioni & J. Graham

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77802, USA

    I. Steele-Russell & J. A. Castiglioni

  3. Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77802, USA

    I. Steele-Russell

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    M. I. Russell

  5. Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    J. Graham

  6. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    I. Steele-Russell

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  1. I. Steele-Russell
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Correspondence to I. Steele-Russell.

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Steele-Russell, I., Russell, M.I., Castiglioni, J.A. et al. Differential retinal origins of separate anatomical channels for pattern and motion vision in rabbit. Exp Brain Res 222, 99–111 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3198-1

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