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Desorption electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as imaging approaches for biological samples analysis

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Abstract

The imaging of biological tissues can offer valuable information about the sample composition, which improves the understanding of analyte distribution in such complex samples. Different approaches using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), also known as imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), enabled the visualization of the distribution of numerous metabolites, drugs, lipids, and glycans in biological samples. The high sensitivity and multiple analyte evaluation/visualization in a single sample provided by MSI methods lead to various advantages and overcome drawbacks of classical microscopy techniques. In this context, the application of MSI methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization–MSI (DESI-MSI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–MSI (MALDI-MSI), has significantly contributed to this field. This review discusses the evaluation of exogenous and endogenous molecules in biological samples using DESI and MALDI imaging. It offers rare technical insights not commonly found in the literature (scanning speed and geometric parameters), making it a comprehensive guide for applying these techniques step-by-step. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion of recent research findings on using these methods to study biological tissues.

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  1. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil

    Lanaia Ítala Louzeiro Maciel, Ricardo Alves Bernardo, Rafael Oliveira Martins, Almir Custodio Batista Junior, João Victor Ataíde Oliveira, Andréa Rodrigues Chaves & Boniek Gontijo Vaz

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Published in the topical collection Young Investigators in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry 2023 with guest editors Zhi-Yuan Gu, Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez, Thomas H. Linz, Leandro Wang Hantao, Nongnoot Wongkaew, and Peng Wu.

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Maciel, L.Í.L., Bernardo, R.A., Martins, R.O. et al. Desorption electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as imaging approaches for biological samples analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 4125–4145 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04783-8

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