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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis: will it change the rules of the game?

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Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory bowel disease that requires numerous costly invasive investigations which lead to physical and psychological patient discomfort. We need a non-invasive technological approach that would significantly improve its diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a growing technique that can provide a molecular diagnostic fingerprint in just a few minutes, without the need for prior sample preparation. The aim of this pilot in vivo study was to prove that multivariate analysis of SER spectra collected on plasma samples could be employed for non-invasive diagnosis of UC. Plasma samples were collected from healthy subjects (n = 35) and patients with UC (n = 28). SERS spectra were acquired using a 785-nm excitation laser line and a solid plasmonic substrate developed in our laboratory using an original procedure described in the literature. The classification accuracy yielded by SERS was assessed by principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PCA-LDA differentiated UC samples from those of healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 92%, and an accuracy of 89%, the AUC being 0.96. The PLS-DA analysis resulted in a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 94%, an accuracy of 92%, and an AUC value of 0.92. Several spectral bands were associated with UC: 376–420, 440–513, 686–715, 919–939, 1035–1062, 1083–1093, 1120–1132, 1148–1156, 1191–1211, 1234–1262, 1275–1294, 1382–1405, 1511–1526, and 1693–1702 cm−1. Changes in plasma levels of amino acids, proteins, lipids, and other compounds were noted using SERS in patients with UC. Multivariate analysis of SER spectra collected on a solid plasmonic substrate represents a promising alternative to diagnosing UC, as it is non-invasive, easy to use, and fast.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology Department, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, 400162, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Cristian Tefas, Petra Fischer & Marcel Tanțău

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Cristian Tefas & Marcel Tanțău

  3. MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Radu Mărginean, Valentin Toma & Rareș Știufiuc

  4. Pathology Department, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, 400162, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Bobe Petrushev

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Rareș Știufiuc

Authors
  1. Cristian Tefas
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  2. Radu Mărginean
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  3. Valentin Toma
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  4. Bobe Petrushev
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  5. Petra Fischer
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  6. Marcel Tanțău
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  7. Rareș Știufiuc
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Cristian Tefas, Bobe Petrushev, Valentin Toma, Petra Fischer, and Radu Mărginean. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Cristian Tefas and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Rareș Știufiuc and Marcel Tanțău provided the necessary conditions for the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristian Tefas.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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All authors consent for the publication of this study.

Ethics approval

The study was approved by the local institutional ethical review board (Comisia de Etică a Universității de Medicină și Farmacie “Iuliu Hațieganu” - approval no. 146/20.04.2016).

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The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. Verbal and written consent was obtained from all included subjects prior to their enrolment in the study.

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Tefas, C., Mărginean, R., Toma, V. et al. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis: will it change the rules of the game?. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 827–838 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03036-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03036-2

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