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Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics

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Abstract

This review aims at providing an introductory overview for researchers new to the field of ion-selective electrodes. Both state of the art technology and novel developments towards solid-contact reference (sc-RE) and solid-contact ion selective electrodes (sc-ISE) are discussed. This technology has potentially widespread and important applications provided certain performance criteria can be met. We present basic concepts, operation principles, and theoretical considerations with regard to their function. Analytical performance and suitability of sc-RE and sc-ISE for a given application depend on critical parameters, which are discussed in this review. Comprehensive evaluation of sensor performance along this set of parameters is considered indispensable to allow for a well-founded comparison of different technologies. Methods and materials employed in the construction of sc-RE and sc-ISE, in particular the solid contact and the polymer membrane composite, are presented and discussed in detail. Operation principles beyond potentiometry are mentioned, which would further extend the field of ISE application. Finally, we conclude by directing the reader to important areas for further scientific research and development work considered particularly critical and promising for advancing this field in sensor R&D.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was obtained in part from the Germany Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through grants 16SV6026 and 13XP5009B. The authors thank Priscilla Hermann for proof reading of the manuscript.

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  1. Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany

    Christoph Bieg, Kai Fuchsberger & Martin Stelzle

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  1. Christoph Bieg
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Bieg, C., Fuchsberger, K. & Stelzle, M. Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 45–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9945-6

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