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Targeting the autophagy-miRNA axis in prostate cancer: toward novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

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Abstract

Since prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, a better understanding of the molecular pathways guiding its development is imperative. A key factor in prostate cancer is autophagy, a cellular mechanism that affects both cell survival and death. Autophagy is essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism wherein redundant or malfunctioning cellular constituents are broken down and recycled. It is essential for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Autophagy has been linked to metastasis, tumor development, and treatment resistance in prostate cancer. The deregulation of miRNAs related to autophagy appears to be a crucial element in the etiology of prostate cancer. These miRNAs influence the destiny of cancer cells by finely regulating autophagic mechanisms. Numerous investigations have emphasized the dual function of specific miRNAs in prostate cancer, which alter autophagy-related pathways to function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Notably, miRNAs have been linked to the control of autophagy and the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of prostate cancer cells. To create customized therapy approaches, it is imperative to comprehend the dynamic interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer. The identification of key miRNAs provides potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. Unraveling the complex network of lncRNAs, like PCA3, also expands the repertoire of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. This review explores the intricate interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer, focusing on their regulatory roles in cellular processes ranging from survival to programmed cell death.

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Funding

This research has been funded by Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, through project number RG-23 079.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Rahamat Unissa Syed & Alia Alshammari

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Maali D. Alshammari & Weam M. A. Khojali

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Humera Banu

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, 14415, Sudan

    Weam M. A. Khojali

  5. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Jafar

  6. Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandesh Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Center, Mhaswad, Maharashtra, India

    Potnuri Nagaraju

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  1. Rahamat Unissa Syed
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Rahamat Unissa Syed, Maali D. Alshammari, and Humera Banu wrote the main manuscript text. Weam M. A. Khojali and Mohammed Jafar wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures. Potnuri Nagaraju and Alia Alshammari edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. The authors confirm that no paper mill or artificial intelligence was used.

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Syed, R.U., Alshammari, M.D., Banu, H. et al. Targeting the autophagy-miRNA axis in prostate cancer: toward novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-024-03153-0

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