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Oxidative stress and gene expression profiling of cell death pathways in alpha-cypermethrin-treated SH-SY5Y cells

  • Toxicogenomics
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in response to alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYPER) exposure. MTT and LDH assays were carried out to assess the α-CYPER cytotoxicity. The IC50 value for α-CYPER was calculated to be 78.3 ± 2.98 µM for the MTT assay and 71.5 ± 3.94 µM for LDH assay. The pyrethroid α-CYPER (1–100 µM), in a dose-dependent manner, induced a significant increase in lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and in the levels of nitric oxide (NO). The neuroprotective role of three antioxidants, melatonin (MEL), Trolox and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against α-CYPER-induced oxidative stress was examined. Compared to other antioxidants, MEL (1 µM) treatment showed the most effective protection against α-CYPER-induced lipid peroxidation and NO production. The effects of α-CYPER on gene expression profiling of cell death pathway in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were also investigated. Of the 84 genes examined (P < 0.001; fold change >1.5), changes in mRNA levels were detected in 39 genes: 36 were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated. A greater fold change reversion than 3.5-fold was observed on the up-regulated ATP6V1G2, BCL2, CASP9, FAS, GADD45A, SPATA2, SYCP2, ATG7, NFKB1, SNCA, ULK1 and JPH3 genes. The results demonstrated that α-CYPER alters the expression of apoptosis-, autophagy- and necrosis genes as well as induces oxidative stress which may lead to DNA damage. The detailed knowledge of the changes in gene expression obtained will provide a basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the α-CYPER-induced toxicity.

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Abbreviations

α-CYPER:

Alpha-cypermethin

AKT1:

V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1

APAF1:

Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1

ATG3:

Autophagy-related 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

ATG5:

Autophagy-related 5 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

ATG7:

Autophagy-related 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

ATG12:

Autophagy-related 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

ATP6V1G2:

ATPase, H + transporting, lysosomal 13 kDa, V1 subunit G2

BCL2:

B cell CLL/lymphoma 2

BCL2L1:

Bcl2-like 1

BIRC2:

Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2

BMF:

Bcl2 modifying factor

CASP3:

Caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

CASP7:

Caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

CASP9:

Caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

COMMD4:

COMM domain containing 4

CTSB:

Cathepsin B

CYLD:

Cylindromatosis, turban tumor syndrome

DENND4A:

DENN/MADD domain containing 4A

FAS:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6

GADD45A:

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha

GSH:

Glutathione

GRB2:

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

HSPBAP1:

HSPB (heat shock 27 kDa)-associated protein 1

HTT:

Huntingtin

IGF1R:

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

JPH3:

Junctophilin 3

MDA:

Malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt

MAP1LC3A:

Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha

MAPK8:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8

MEL:

Melatonin

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

NFKB1:

Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOL3:

Nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain)

PARP1:

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1

PARP2:

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2

SNCA:

Synuclein, alpha (non-A4 component of amyloid precursor)

SPATA2:

Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2

SQSTM1:

Sequestosome 1

SYCP2:

Synaptonemal complex protein 2

TP53:

Tumor protein p53

TXNL4B:

Thioredoxin-like 4B

ULK1:

Unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans)

XIAP:

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Project (ALIBIRD-CM Program) Ref. S2013/ABI-2728 from Comunidad de Madrid.

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  1. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Alejandro Romero, Eva Ramos, Irma Ares, Víctor Castellano, Marta Martínez, María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga, Arturo Anadón & María-Aránzazu Martínez

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  1. Alejandro Romero
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Correspondence to Arturo Anadón.

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Romero, A., Ramos, E., Ares, I. et al. Oxidative stress and gene expression profiling of cell death pathways in alpha-cypermethrin-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Toxicol 91, 2151–2164 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1864-y

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