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The hepatoprotective effect of putrescine against cadmium-induced acute liver injury

  • Organ Toxicity and Mechanisms
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Abstract

The hepatoprotective effect of putrescine against cadmium liver injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats were injected with a dose of cadmium (6.5 mg CdCl2/kg bodyweight, intraperitoneally). Normal saline (group I) or putrescine (300 µmol/kg bodyweight; group II) were injected 2, 5 and 8 h later. A number of animals of both groups were killed 0, 12, 16, 24, 48 or 60 h after cadmium intoxication. Liver tissue was histologically assessed for necrosis, apoptosis, peliosis, mitoses, and inflammatory infiltration. Apoptosis was also quantified by the TUNEL assay for hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells. The discrimination between hepatic cell subpopulations was achieved histochemically. The mitotic index in hematoxylin–eosin-stained sections and by the immunochemical detection of Ki67 nuclear antigen, 3H-thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA, and hepatic thymidine kinase activity were all used as indices of liver regeneration. Both hepatocyte apoptosis and liver necrosis evolved in a biphasic temporal pattern. Nonparenchymal cell apoptosis and peliosis hepatis evolved in a monophasic pattern and were correlated closely. Putrescine administration totally reversed liver necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis. The time profile of nonparenchymal apoptosis was altered and peliosis hepatis was also totally attenuated. In conclusion, putrescine protected hepatocytes and modulated the mechanism of cadmium-induced acute hepatotoxicity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens University, 75 Mikras Asias St., 115 27, Athens, Greece

    Konstantinos N. Tzirogiannis, Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos, George K. Papadimas, Vasiliki G. Kondyli, Kalliopi T. Kourentzi, Rosa I. Hereti & Michael G. Mykoniatis

  2. Histopathology Laboratory, Sismanoglion G.D. Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, , Marousi 151 27, Attiki, Greece

    Maria D. Demonakou

  3. 5 Tenedou St., Platia Amerikis, 112 57, Athens, Greece

    Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos

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  1. Konstantinos N. Tzirogiannis
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  2. Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos
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  3. Maria D. Demonakou
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  4. George K. Papadimas
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  5. Vasiliki G. Kondyli
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  6. Kalliopi T. Kourentzi
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  7. Rosa I. Hereti
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  8. Michael G. Mykoniatis
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Correspondence to Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos.

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Tzirogiannis, K.N., Panoutsopoulos, G.I., Demonakou, M.D. et al. The hepatoprotective effect of putrescine against cadmium-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 78, 321–329 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-004-0549-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-004-0549-0

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