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Crosstalk and gene expression in microorganisms under metals stress

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Abstract

Contamination of the environment with heavy metals (HMs) has led to huge global environmental issues. Industrialization activities such as mining, manufacturing, and construction generate massive amounts of toxic waste, posing environmental risks. HMs soil pollution causes a variety of environmental issues and has a detrimental effect on both animals and plants. To remove HMs from the soil, traditional physico-chemical techniques such as immobilization, electro-remediation, stabilization, and chemical reduction are used. Moreover, the high energy, trained manpower, and hazardous chemicals required by these methods make them expensive and non-environmentally friendly. Bioremediation process, which involves microorganism-based and microorganism-associated-plant-based approaches, is an ecologically sound and cost-effective strategy for restoring HMs polluted soil. Microbes adjust their physiology to these conditions to live, which can involve significant variations in the expression of the genes. A set of genes are activated in response to toxic metals in microbes. They can also adapt by modifying their shape, fruiting bodies creating biofilms, filaments, or chemotactically migrating away from stress chemicals. Microbes including Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Aspergillus sp. has been found to have high metals remediation and tolerance capacity of up to 98% whether isolated or in combination with plants like Helianthus annuus, Trifolium repens, and Vallisneria denseserrulata. Several of the regulatory systems that have been discovered are unique, but there is also a lot of "cross-talk" among networks. This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the microbial signaling responses, and the function of microbes in HMs stress resistance.

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Abbreviations

HMs:

Heavy metals

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

OH:

Hydroxyl radical

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IRT:

Iron-regulated transporter

ZRT:

Zinc regulated transporter

PCs:

Phytochelatins

APS:

ATP sulfurylase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

SA:

Salicylic acid

JA:

Jasmonate

TN1:

Taichung native1

AP2:

Activator Protein 2

Bzip:

Basic region leucine ZIPper

ERF:

Ethylene-responsive factor

MYB:

MYeloBlastosis

DREB:

Dehydration responsive element-binding protein

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

EIN3:

Ethylene-Insensitive 3

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Author notes

  1. Pooja Sharma, Ambreen Bano and Surendra Pratap Singh contributed equally and should be considered as the first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India

    Pooja Sharma

  2. IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ambreen Bano

  3. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India

    Ashok Kumar Nadda

  4. University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140 413, India

    Swati Sharma

  5. Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India

    Sunita Varjani

  6. Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India

    Surendra Pratap Singh

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Contributions

PS: conceptualization, writing-original draft preparation, Editing and reviewing. AB: writing-original draft preparation; Editing and reviewing. AKN: editing and reviewing. SS: editing and reviewing. SV: editing and reviewing. SPS: conceptualization, writing-original draft preparation, and reviewing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Sharma, P., Bano, A., Nadda, A.K. et al. Crosstalk and gene expression in microorganisms under metals stress. Arch Microbiol 204, 410 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02978-8

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