Abstract
White light during mycelial growth influences high conidial stress tolerance of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, but little is known if low- or high-white light irradiances induce different stress tolerances. The fungus was grown either in the dark using two culture media: on minimal medium (Czapek medium without sucrose = MM) or on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or PDA medium under five different continuous white light irradiances. The stress tolerances of conidia produced on all treatments were evaluated by conidial germination on PDA supplemented with KCl for osmotic stress or on PDA supplemented with menadione for oxidative stress. Conidia produced on MM in the dark were more tolerant to osmotic and oxidative stress than conidia produced on PDA in the dark or under the light. For osmotic stress, growth under the lower to higher irradiances produced conidia with similar tolerances but more tolerant than conidia produced in the dark. For oxidative stress, conidia produced under the white light irradiances were generally more tolerant to menadione than conidia produced in the dark. Moreover, conidia produced in the dark germinated at the same speed when incubated in the dark or under lower irradiance treatment. However, at higher irradiance, conidial germination was delayed compared to germination in the dark, which germinated faster. Therefore, growth under light from low to high irradiances induces similar conidial higher stress tolerances; however, higher white light irradiances cause a delay in germination speed.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Richard A. Humber (USDA-ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures, R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY) for the donation of the fungal isolate. The authors also thank Alexander Idnurm (University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia) and Alene Alder-Rangel (Alder’s English Services) for their valuable review on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) of Brazil PQ1D 302100/2018-0 and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) 2010/06374-1 and 2013/50518-6 for D.E.N.R. and for the PhD fellowship for L.P.D 2013/25964-2. We also thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) of Brazil for a post-doctoral fellowship for B.P.
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This research was supported by terminated grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) of Brazil and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).
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Conceived and designed the experiments: DENR. Performed the experiments: LPD, DENR, and BP. Prepared all figures: DENR. Analyzed the data: BP and DENR. Wrote the paper: DENR.
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Dias, L.P., Pupin, B., Roberts, D.W. et al. Low- or high-white light irradiance induces similar conidial stress tolerance in Metarhizium robertsii. Arch Microbiol 204, 83 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02730-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02730-8