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Effect of shock impingement location on the fluid–structure interactions over a compliant panel

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Abstract

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the fluid–structure interactions on a compliant panel subjected to an impinging shock wave and an incoming turbulent boundary layer. These experiments were aimed at understanding the time-averaged and unsteady characteristics of fluid–structure interaction at Mach 2. Two shock impingement locations on the panel (aspect ratio of 2.82), namely the central and three-fourths of the panel length, were tested. The shock boundary layer interactions on a rigid flat plate served as a baseline case. Measurements include shadowgraph and surface oil flow visualizations, panel deflections using a capacitance probe, cavity acoustics using a pressure sensor, surface pressures using discrete pressure sensors, and pressure-sensitive paints. Results show that the interaction on the compliant panel is relatively three-dimensional as compared to a rigid plate with a nominally two-dimensional interaction. Pressure fluctuations on the compliant panel are significantly higher than on the rigid plate, and the fluctuation spectra are multi-modal. Strong coupling at some frequencies was observed between the shock and the panel for both shock impingement locations. The present study suggests that for a compliant panel, the shape of pressure spectra is sensitive to the measurement location on the panel, the panel modifies the pressure distribution around the interaction, and the energy in dominant modes depends on the shock impingement location.

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Data availability

Data available on request from the authors.

Abbreviations

a :

Panel length (streamwise) (mm)

b :

Panel width (spanwise) (mm)

d :

Cavity depth (mm)

fPSD\(_\text {u}\) :

Freestream pre-multiplied spectra of the wall-pressure fluctuations (kPa\(^2\))

fPSD:

Pre-multiplied spectra of the wall-pressure fluctuations (kPa\(^2\))

\(f_\textrm{s}\) :

Frequencies in the region of shock/boundary layer interaction (\(\textrm{Hz}\))

h :

Panel thickness (mm)

I :

Wind-on image intensity

\(I_{{ 0}}\) :

Reference intensity

\(L_\textrm{s}\) :

Separation length (mm)

M :

Mach number

\(p_\textrm{amb}\) :

Ambient pressure (kPa)

\(p_{\text {c}}\) :

Cavity pressure (kPa)

\(p_{{\textrm{w}}}\) :

Time-averaged surface pressure (kPa)

\(p_0\) :

Reference pressure (kPa)

\(p_{{\infty }}\) :

Upstream static pressure (kPa)

PSD\(_{\text {probe}}\) :

Power-spectral density of the panel displacement (mm\(^2\)/Hz)

PSD\(_\textrm{PSP}\) :

Power-spectral density of pressure fluctuations (mm\(^2\)/Hz)

Re:

Reynolds number per meter

St:

Stroukhal number

T :

Temperature (K)

\(W_\textrm{s}\) :

Width of the intermittent region (mm)

x :

Streamwise coordinate (mm)

\(x_\textrm{i} \) :

Impingement location (mm)

y :

Vertical coordinate (mm)

\(y^+\) :

Non-dimensional distance in the turbulent model

\(\delta \) :

Boundary layer thickness (mm)

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely acknowledge the funding provided by DARPA under Grant No. D19AP00035, managed by Rohith Chandrasekar. The author would also like to acknowledge the expertise of our machinist, Jeremy Phillips, who is always willing to take up challenging models for machining, and Lee Mears for assisting with a part of the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion (FCAAP), FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    A. Tripathi, J. Gustavsson, K. Shoele & R. Kumar

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  1. A. Tripathi
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  2. J. Gustavsson
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  4. R. Kumar
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Correspondence to A. Tripathi.

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Communicated by A. Sasoh.

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Tripathi, A., Gustavsson, J., Shoele, K. et al. Effect of shock impingement location on the fluid–structure interactions over a compliant panel. Shock Waves 34, 1–19 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-024-01162-9

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