Abstract
The time evolution of station positions has historically been described by piece-wise linear models in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Although those models were extended with exponential and logarithmic functions in the ITRF2014 and with annual and semiannual sine waves in the ITRF2020, part of the Earth’s surface deformation is still not captured by such deterministic functions. Taking into account additional aperiodic ground deformation in the reference frame could in principle provide a better description of the shape of the Earth. This would, however, require the aperiodic displacements of the different space geodetic techniques to be tied into a common frame by means of co-motion constraints. The relevance of applying co-motion constraints to the measured aperiodic displacements raises questions because of the presence of technique-specific errors in the station position time series. In this article, we investigate whether common aperiodic displacements, other than post-seismic deformation, can be detected at ITRF co-location sites. We use for that purpose station position time series extracted from the solutions provided by the four technique services for ITRF2014 and carefully aligned to a common reference frame in order to minimize differential network effect. The time series are then cleaned from linear, post-seismic and periodic signals (including seasonal deformation and technique systematic errors). The residual time series are finally compared within ITRF co-location sites. Modest correlations are observed between Global Navigation Satellite Systems residual time series and the other space geodetic techniques, mostly in the vertical component, pointing to a domination of technique errors over common aperiodic displacements. The pertinence of applying co-motion constraints to measured aperiodic displacements is finally discussed in light of these results.
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Data availability
The input data used in the ITRF2014 computation are available at the NASA Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS), https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/slr/products/itrf2014/ for SLR, https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/gnss/products/repro2/ for GNSS, https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/vlbi/ITRF2014/ for VLBI and https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/doris/products/sinex_series/idswd/ for DORIS. The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This study contributes to the IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. We are grateful to the IAG technique services for providing the space geodesy products that we used and to the IERS Global Geophysical Fluids Center for the non-tidal loading deformation time series. We thank the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for their financial support through the TOSCA committee.
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ZA, PR, XC and MS designed the research; MS and PR performed the data processing; MS wrote the initial draft of the paper. All authors analyzed and discussed the results and reviewed the manuscript.
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Appendices
Detected periods
Table 1 summarizes, for each technique, the periods for which a sine wave has been added in the kinematic models of the technique stations. A period followed by * corresponds to a variable sine wave as described in Sect. 3.1, with a degree equal to the number of *.
Concordance correlation coefficients
The figures in this appendix detail, for each pair of techniques, the highest concordance correlation coefficient obtained at each co-location site and its 95% confidence interval (Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12).
Highest concordance correlation coefficient obtained at each co-location site and its 95% confidence interval for GNSS-DORIS station pairs, with (in pink) or without (in green) non-tidal loading corrections from Boy (2021) applied
Highest concordance correlation coefficient obtained at each co-location site and its 95% confidence interval for GNSS-SLR station pairs, with (in pink) or without (in green) non-tidal loading corrections from Boy (2021) applied
Highest concordance correlation coefficient obtained at each co-location site and its 95% confidence interval for GNSS-VLBI station pairs, with (in pink) or without (in green) non-tidal loading corrections from Boy (2021) applied
Highest concordance correlation coefficient obtained at each co-location site and its 95% confidence interval for a SLR-DORIS, b VLBI-DORIS and c VLBI-SLR station pairs, with (in pink) or without (in green) non-tidal loading corrections from Boy (2021) applied
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de La Serve, M., Rebischung, P., Collilieux, X. et al. Are there detectable common aperiodic displacements at ITRF co-location sites?. J Geod 97, 79 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01769-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01769-3