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Constitutive analysis of hot metal flow behavior of virgin and rejuvenated heat treatment creep exhausted power plant X20 steel

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Abstract

This paper presents constitutive equations that describe the hot flow behaviour of Virgin (VG) X20 and rejuvenated heat-treated creep exhaust (CE) X20 steels. The study provides a foundation for determining the effect of rejuvenation heat treatment on CE steels by making comparisons to the VG steel. Hot compression tests were conducted in the temperature range of 900 °C to 1050 °C, at strain rates of 0.1–10 s−1 to a total strain of 0.6, and stress–strain curves were obtained. The flow stress curves of both steels exhibited dynamic recovery (DRV) characteristics as the main softening mechanism. Constitutive constants of steady-state stresses were determined. The stress exponents, n, were 6.62 (VG) and 5.58 (CE), and the apparent activation energy values were 380.36 kJmol−1(VG) and 435.70 kJmol−1 (CE). Analysis of the activation energies showed that VG steel had better workability properties than CE steel and was easier to deform at high temperatures. Constitutive equations for predicting the flow stress in the two steels were established. This were verified by statistical tools: Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and Absolute Average Relative Error (AARE). The results showed R-values were, 0.98 (VG) and 0.99 (CE), and the AARE values for VG were 4.17% and 9.01% for CE. The statistical parameters indicated a good correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The constitutive equations therefore adequately described the flow stress behaviour of both steels and can therefore efficiently analyse industrial metal forming schedules.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Nyeri, Kenya

    Shem Maube & Fredrick Mwema

  2. Department of Mining, Materials and Petroleum Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

    Japheth Obiko

  3. School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Josias Van der Merwe, Desmond Klenam & Michael Bodunrin

  4. DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Josias Van der Merwe & Michael Bodunrin

  5. Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK

    Fredrick Mwema

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Fredrick Mwema

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  1. Shem Maube
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All authors contributed to the conceptualisation and design. Methodology and investigations were performed by Shem Maube, Japheth Obiko, Josias Van der Merwe, Fredrick Mwema, Desmond Klenam and Michael Bodunrin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Shem Maube and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Maube, S., Obiko, J., Van der Merwe, J. et al. Constitutive analysis of hot metal flow behavior of virgin and rejuvenated heat treatment creep exhausted power plant X20 steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 132, 1843–1853 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13443-9

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