Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of the technological process of welding a membrane wall with Inconel 625 nickel alloy

  • Application
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The research carried out by the authors of this paper is focused on the technological process of Inconel 625 welding with the MAG–CMT (Metal Active Gas-Cold Metal Transfer) method. Inconel 625 was welded to the substrate material, which was 16Mo3 steel. Both materials are used to produce the so-called bimetallic tubes, which in practice serve as a part of the equipment intended for waste incineration. For this reason, the bimetallic tubes must withstand extreme conditions during their operation. Therefore, bimetal pipes are highly stressed composite components that must resist corrosion in a chemically aggressive environment. For this reason, an extensive material and technological analysis of the production of pipe bends with a supercritical bend of 0.7D from bimetal pipes with Inconel 625 cladding was performed. In the welding process, the authors investigated the possibilities of the CMT method with and without using the oscillating movement of the welding head. The most important factor in deciding which method would be appropriate was to measure the amount of iron on the surface of the coating layer. The authors’ paper builds on the authors’ previous research in this area, which was mainly focused on research on the critical bending of bimetallic tubes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Maltin ChA, Galloway AM, Mweemba M (2014) Microstructural evolution of Inconel 625 and Inconel 686CPT weld metal for clad carbon steel linepipe joints: a comparator study: the effect of iron dilution on the elemental segregation of alloying elements in nickel based filler metals. Metall Mater Trans A 45(8):3519–3532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Petrzak P, Kowalski K, Blicharski M (2016) Analysis of phase transformations in Inconel 625 alloy during annealing. Acta Physica Polonica 130(4):1041–1044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Silva CC, DE Albuquerque VHC, Mendonc E, Moura AEP, Tavares JMRS (2018) Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of aged nickel-based alloy 625 weld metal. Metall Mater Trans A 49(5):1653–1673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rajkumar V, Arjunan TV, Kannan AR (2020) Investigations on hardfacing and wear characteristics of nickel-based Inconel 625 overlaid welds over AISI 347 pipe. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 42(11):2–12

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ashtiani HRR, Zarandooz R (2016) Microstructural and mechanical properties of resistance spot weld of Inconel 625 supper alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84(1–4):607–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rajani HRZ, Akbari Mousavi SAA (2012) The role of impact energy in failure of explosive cladding of Inconel 625 and steel. J Fail Anal Prev 12(6):646–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Slany M, Sedlak J, Zouhar J, Zemcik O, Kouril K, Polzer A, Pokorny Z, Joska Z, Dobrocky D, Studeny Z (2021) Analysis of bimetal pipe bends with a bend of 0.7D with a cladding layer of Inconel 625. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 17(11–12):3859–3871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Torbati AM, Miranda RM, Quintino L, Williams S (2011) Welding bimetal pipes in duplex stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 53(9–12):1039–1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fan Z, Yu H, Meng F, Li Ch (2016) Experimental investigation on fabrication of Al/Fe bi-metal tubes by the magnetic pulse cladding process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83(5–8):1409–1418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kołodziejczak P, Bober M, Chmielewski T (2022) Wear resistance comparison research of high-alloy protective coatings for power industry prepared by means of CMT cladding. Appl Sci 12(9):4568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lankiewicz K, Baranowski M, Babul T, Kowalski S (2015) The study of the impact of surface preparation methods of Inconel 625 and 718 nickel-base alloys on wettability by BNi-2 and BNi-3 brazing filler metals. Arch Metall Mater 60(1):159–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Alvarães CP, Sandes SS, Jorge JCF, de Souza LFG, Araújo LS, Mendes MC, Dille J (2020) Microstructural characterization of Inconel 625 nickel-based alloy weld cladding obtained by electroslag welding process. J Mater Eng Perform 29(5):3004–3015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Abioye TE, Mc Cartney DG, Clare AT (2015) Laser cladding of Inconel 625 wire for corrosion protection. J Mater Proc Technol 217:232–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Silva CC, Afonso CRM, Ramirez AJ, Motta MF, Miranda HC, Farias JP (2016) Assessment of microstructure of alloy Inconel 686 dissimilar weld claddings. J Alloys Compd 684:628–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Silva CC, Albuquerque VHC, Mina EM, Moura EPP, Tavares JMRS (2018) Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of aged nickel-based alloy 625 weld metal. Met Mater Trans A 49(5):1653–1673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chattopadhyay P, van der Mee V, Zhang Z (2019) Hybrid electroslag cladding (H-ESC): an innovation in high speed electroslag strip cladding. Weld World 63(3):663–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Saha MK, Das S (2016) A review on different cladding techniques employed to resist corrosion. J Assoc Eng 86(1–2):51–63

    Google Scholar 

  18. Xu LY, Jing HY, Han YD (2018) Effect of welding on the corrosion behavior of X65/Inconel 625 in simulated solution. Weld World 62(2):363–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jin K, Yuan Q, Tao J, Domblesky J, Guo X (2019) Analysis of the forming characteristics for Cu/Al bimetal tubes produced by the spinning process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101(1–4):147–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rozmus-Górnikowska M, Cieniek Ł, Blicharski M, Kusinski J (2014) Microstructure and microsegregation of an Inconel 625 weld overlay produced on steel pipes by the cold metal transfer technique. Arch Metall Mater 59(3):1081–1084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Song KH, Nakata K (2009) Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded Inconel 625 alloy. Mater Trans 50(10):2498–2501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lemos GVB, Nunes RM, Bergmann PDL, Strohaecker TR, dos Santos JF (2017) Residual stress evaluation in friction stir welds of Inconel 625. Soldagem & Inspeção 22(1):35–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Alvarães CP, Madalena FCA, de Souza LFG, Jorge JCF, Araújo LS, Mendes MC (2019) Performance of the Inconel 625 alloy weld overlay obtained by FCAW process. Rev Matér 24(1):12

    Google Scholar 

  24. Guo L, Xiao F, Wang F, He Y, Wei W, Zhang Y (2021) Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 overlay welded by pulsed TIG process. Int J Electrochem Sci 16:210418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Elango P, Balaguru S (2015) Welding parameters for Inconel 625 overlay on carbon steel using GMAW. India J Sci Technol 8(31):5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ola OT, Doern FE (2014) A study of cold metal transfer clads in nickel-base Inconel 718 superalloy. Mater Des 57:51–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Landell RM, de Lima Lessa CR, Bergmann L, dos Santos JF, Kwietniewski CEF, Klusemann B (2021) Investigation of friction stir welding process applied to ASTM 572 steel plate cladded with Inconel®625. Weld World 65(3):393–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Dutra JC, Gonçalves e Silva RH, Marques C, Viviani AB (2016) A new approach for MIG/MAG cladding with Inconel 625. Weld World 60(6):1201–1209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rajkumar V, Arjunan TV, Vasan A, Kannan AR (2019) Effect of heat input on micro-hardness and shear strength of Inconel 625 hardfacing onto AISI 347 steel pipes by GMAW process. J Phys: Conf Ser 1355(129):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rozmus-Górnikowska M, Blicharski M, Kusinski J, Kusinski L, Marszycki M (2013) Influence of boiler pipe cladding techniques on their microstructure and properties. Arch Metall Mater 58(4):1093–1096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim JS, Park YI, Lee HW (2015) Effects of heat input on the pitting resistance of Inconel 625 welds by overlay welding. Met Mater Int 21(2):350–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Farias FWC, da Cruz PayãoFilho J, Barreto de Azevedo LM (2018) Microstructural and mechanical characterization of the transition zone of 9%Ni steel cladded with Ni-based superalloy 625 by GTAW-HW. Metals 8(12):1007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rozmus-Górnikowska M, Blicharski M, Kusinski J (2014) Influence of weld overlaying methods on microstructure and chemical composition of Inconel 625 boiler pipe coatings. Kovové Materiály 52(3):141–147

    Google Scholar 

  34. Dai T, Wheeling RA, Hartman-Vaeth K, Lippold JC (2019) Precipitation behavior and hardness response of alloy 625 weld overlay under different aging conditions. Weld World 63(4):1087–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Shankar V, BhanuSankara Rao K, Mannan S (2001) Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 superalloy. J Nucl Mater 288:222–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Imoudu NE, Ayele YZ, Barabadi A (2017) The characteristic of cold metal transfer (CMT) and its application for cladding. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) 1883–1887. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2017.8290218

  37. Sandhua SS, Shahi AS (2016) Metallurgical, wear and fatigue performance of Inconel 625 weld claddings. J Mater Process Technol 233:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sotoodeh K (2022) Case study of low-alloy steel material selection for the bodies of subsea valves: failure prevention approaches. Progress in additive manufacturing 8(2):77–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-022-00313-7

  39. Slaný M, Sedlák J, Zouhar J, Zemčík O, Chladil J, Jaroš A, Kouřil K, Varhaník M, Majerík J, Barényi I, Čep R (2021) Material and dimensional analysis of bimetallic pipe bend with defined bending radii. Tehnički Vjesnik-Technical Gazette 28(3):974–982

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ahmad G, Raza M, Singh N, Kumar H (2020) Experimental investigation on Ytterbium fiber laser butt welding of Inconel 625 and Duplex stainless steel 2205 thin sheets. Optics Laser Technol 126:106117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Rajkumar V, Arjunan TV, Rajesh Kannan A (2020) Investigations on hardfacing and wear characteristics of nickel-based Inconel 625 overlaid welds over AISI 347 pipe. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-2092-1

  42. Kolařík L (2018) Automatizace výrobních procesů: svařování. ČVUT, fakulta strojní: ústav strojírenské technologie, 70–123. https://docplayer.cz/107516052-Ing-ladislav-kolarik-ph-d-iwe.html. Accessed 25 Nov 2022

  43. Zahrani M, Alfantazi AM (2014) High temperature corrosion and electrochemical behavior of Inconel 625 weld overlay in PbSO4–Pb3O4–PbCl2–CdO–ZnO molten salt medium Corros. Sci 85:60–76

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hu HX, Zheng YG, Qin CP (2010) Comparison of Inconel 625 and Inconel 600 in resistance to cavitation erosion and jet impingement erosion. Nucl Eng Des 240:2721–2730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Pravin Kumar N, Siva Shanmugam N (2020). Some studies on nickel based Inconel 625 hard overlays on AISI 316L plate by gas metal arc welding based hardfacing process. Wear 203394:456–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203394

  46. Sivakumar J, Vasudevan M, Korra N (2020) Systematic welding process parameter optimization in activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding of Inconel 625. Trans Indian Inst Met 73(3):555–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-01876-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Material No.: 1.5415. M.Woite Sonder werkstoffe Edelstähle. Erkrath: M. Woite, 2012. http://www.woite-edelstahl.com/15415en.html#. Accessed 25 Nov 2022

  48. Bunaziv I, Olden V, Akselsen OM (2019) Metallurgical aspects in the welding of clad pipelines—a global outlook. Appl Sci 9(151):3118

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The published results were achieved as part of Project FW01010220 – Design of equipment and technology for the automation of surface welding of Inconel 625 material to membrane walls, which is co-financed with the state support of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR) as part of the TAČR TREND I Program and also supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. APVV- SK-SRB-21–0030.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia

    Jozef Majerik, Henrieta Chochlikova, Igor Barenyi & Jana Escherova

  2. Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic

    Martin Slany, Josef Sedlak, Jan Zouhar, Oskar Zemcik & Stepan Kolomy

Authors
  1. Jozef Majerik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin Slany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Henrieta Chochlikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Josef Sedlak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jan Zouhar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Oskar Zemcik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Igor Barenyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Stepan Kolomy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jana Escherova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jozef Majerik, Martin Slany, Josef Sedlak, Jan Zouhar, Oskar Zemcik, Stepan Kolomy, and Jana Escherova. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jozef Majerik, Henrieta Chochlikova, and Igor Barenyi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Slany.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The manuscript contains original ideas which have never been published before in other journals.

Consent to participate

Consent is given to participate.

Consent for publication

Consent is given to publish.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Majerik, J., Slany, M., Chochlikova, H. et al. Analysis of the technological process of welding a membrane wall with Inconel 625 nickel alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 127, 3031–3048 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11499-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11499-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation