Abstract
With the increasing dissipated power levels of electronic equipment, heat sink design problems are significant aspects of some industrial design fields. Topology optimization theory has attracted much research interest in thermal-fluid problems to design high-performance heat sinks. These researches focus on optimizing the internal flow channel of heat sinks under predefined inlet and outlet schemes. However, inlet/outlet schemes also exhibit great influence on the performance of optimized heat sinks. This paper intends to demonstrate a concurrent optimization method of the internal flow channel, inlets, and outlets in forced convection heat sinks. The porosity field and moving morphable components (MMCs) are adopted to describe structural topologies of the internal channel design domain and the inlet/outlet design domains, respectively. The internal porosity field and the shape/position parameters of MMCs are applied as design variables. A conventional inlet/outlet component is presented and the corresponding topology description transformation function is constructed to convert the inlet/outlet topology into corresponding porosity fields. Further, the thermal-fluid coupling problems are solved through porosity-interpolated fluid flow and heat transfer governing equations. To ensure accurate inlet flow and temperature conditions during the topology iteration, continuous design-dependent inlet governing equations are established under inlet pressure, velocity, and flow flux boundary conditions. Design variables are concurrently optimized based on the sensitivity information. The proposed method is shown in detail by taking design problems of water-cooled heat sinks as examples. Various numerical examples are presented to validate the applicability and efficiency of this method.
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Acknowledgements
The author thanks Prof. Krister Svanberg for use of the MMA optimizer.
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This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51677104.
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The authors have attempted to explain the method and implementation issues in detail. All numerical examples are implemented with homemade MATLAB codes and COMSOL documents. Basic MATLAB codes and the results datasets can be available only for academic use from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The COMSOL documents are modified from open documents in Haertel’s work (2018).
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Zhao, J., Zhang, M., Zhu, Y. et al. Concurrent optimization of the internal flow channel, inlets, and outlets in forced convection heat sinks. Struct Multidisc Optim 63, 121–136 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02670-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02670-9