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Environmental Hormone Effects and Bioaccumulation of Propiconazole and Difenoconazole in Procypris merus

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Abstract

Studying the bioaccumulation behavior and toxicity of triazole fungicides is a crucial part of comprehensively evaluating the environmental fate and aquatic toxicity.The current research aimed to reveal the toxic effects of propiconazole and difenoconazole on fish through acute toxicity test, bioaccumulation test and oxidase system activity determination. Here, the propiconazole and difenoconazole concentrations were 11.3 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L for LC50-96 h, both having low toxicity. LC–MS/MS was used to determine the propiconazole and difenoconazole concentrations in five organs (muscle, gill, liver, intestine, and kidney) of Procypris meru. The findings indicate that the bioconcentration coefficients of propiconazole and difenoconazole in grass flower carp were 0.66–27.08 and 2.43–22.72, which belonged to medium enrichment pesticides. The bioconcentration coefficients decreased with the increase of exposure concentration. The two fungicides could induce oxidative stress in fish liver, and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes were inhibited in varying degrees (p < 0.05). The results showed that the content of T3 increased, and T4 decreased when exposed to one-tenth LC50 for 7 days. This study shows that triazole pesticides have bioaccumulation risks on aquatic organisms and clear environmental hormonal effects.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Guangxi science and technology major projects (AA17204043).

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Author notes

  1. Lichao Chen and, Zhuang Wang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China

    Lichao Chen, Zhuang Wang, Cuifang Zhang & Xuesheng Li

  2. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Wayne Jiang

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  1. Lichao Chen
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  2. Zhuang Wang
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  3. Cuifang Zhang
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  4. Wayne Jiang
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Correspondence to Xuesheng Li.

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Chen, L., Wang, Z., Zhang, C. et al. Environmental Hormone Effects and Bioaccumulation of Propiconazole and Difenoconazole in Procypris merus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 109, 823–830 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03609-0

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