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Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): I. Crosses between spring and Chinese semi-winter lines

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Abstract

Chinese semi-winter rapeseed is genetically diverse from Canadian and European spring rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of semi-winter rapeseed for spring rapeseed hybrid breeding, to assess the genetic effects involved, and to estimate the correlation of parental genetic distance (GD) with hybrid performance, heterosis, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in crosses between spring and semi-winter rapeseed lines. Four spring male sterile lines from Germany and Canada as testers were crossed with 13 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed lines to develop 52 hybrids, which were evaluated together with their parents and commercial hybrids for seed yield and oil content in three sets of field trials with 8 environments in Canada and Europe. The Chinese parental lines were not adapted to local environmental conditions as demonstrated by poor seed yields per se. However, the hybrids between the Chinese parents and the adapted spring rapeseed lines exhibited high heterosis for seed yield. The average mid-parent heterosis was 15% and ca. 50% of the hybrids were superior to the respective hybrid control across three sets of field trials. Additive gene effects mainly contributed to hybrid performance since the mean squares of GCA were higher as compared to SCA. The correlation between parental GD and hybrid performance and heterosis was found to be low whereas the correlation between GCA(f + m) and hybrid performance was high and significant in each set of field trials, with an average of r = 0.87 for seed yield and r = 0.89 for oil content, indicating that hybrid performance can be predicted by GCA(f + m). These results demonstrate that Chinese semi-winter rapeseed germplasm has a great potential to increase seed yield in spring rapeseed hybrid breeding programs in Canada and Europe.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the “Forschungs- und Entwicklungsfonds Raps”. We sincerely acknowledge the help of Dr. V. Marwede, Mr. F.H. Jensen for running the field trials in Canada and Denmark. We thank Prof. Dr. M. Hühn and Dr. A.E. Müller for critically reading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, 24118, Germany

    W. Qian & C. Jung

  2. Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG, Hohenlieth, 24363, Germany

    W. Qian, O. Sass & M. Frauen

  3. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    W. Qian & J. Meng

  4. School of Agronomy and Life Science, South West University, Chongqing, 400716, China

    W. Qian

  5. School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    M. Li

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  1. W. Qian
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  4. M. Li
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  6. C. Jung
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Correspondence to C. Jung.

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Communicated by T. Lübberstedt.

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Qian, W., Sass, O., Meng, J. et al. Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): I. Crosses between spring and Chinese semi-winter lines. Theor Appl Genet 115, 27–34 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0537-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0537-x

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