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Grüner Tee – Daten und Studien zur chinesischen und westlichen Wirkung

Green Tea—Data and studies on the Chinese and Western effects

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Chinesische Medizin / Chinese Medicine Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Grüner Tee (Camellia sinensis) ist eine Art unfermentierter Tee, der die natürliche Substanz frischer Blätter weitgehend beibehält. Nach Wasser ist er das zweitbeliebteste Getränk weltweit. In diesem Artikel werden seine historische und zeitgenössische Bedeutung sowie relevante Studien dazu vorgestellt. Die Inhaltsstoffe des grünen Tees werden dargestellt und die physiologischen und pharmakologischen Wirkungen, relevante Nebenwirkungen oder Wechselwirkungen sowie mögliche Toxikologien werden entsprechend ihrer klinischen Relevanz besprochen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Tee-Polyphenole mit den Catechinen als Hauptvertreter die größte klinische Bedeutung haben und vielseitig pharmakologisch aktiv sind. Antioxidative, antikanzeröse, antibakterielle, antivirale, hypoglykämische und kardiovaskuläre sowie neuroprotektive Wirkungen konnten nachgewiesen werden. Toxische Wirkungen wie die Hepatotoxizität sind sehr selten und traten vor allem bei sehr hohen Dosierungen von Grüntee-Extrakt und/oder in Zusammenhang mit relevanten Vorerkrankungen oder Wechselwirkungen auf. Zusammenfassend zeigt die Studienlage, dass grüner Tee und Grüntee-Extrakte eine evidenzbasierte Wirksamkeit vor allem in der Gesundheitsfürsorge und Krankheitsprävention haben, zunehmend aber auch in der therapeutischen Anwendung erfolgreich eingesetzt werden.

Abstract

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a type of unfermented tea that largely retains the natural substance of fresh leaves. It is the second most popular beverage in the world after water. This article examines its historical and contemporary significance and presents some relevant studies. It also describes the ingredients of green tea as well as discussing the physiological and pharmacological effects, relevant side-effects or interactions and possible toxicologies according to their clinical relevance. Studies have shown that the tea polyphenols, with the catechins as the main representatives, have the greatest clinical significance and are pharmacologically active in a variety of ways. Studies have also demonstrated that green tea has antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. Toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity are very rare and occur mainly at very high doses of green-tea extract and/or in connection with relevant pre-existing conditions or interactions. In summary, studies carried out to date show that green tea and green-tea extracts have an evidence-based efficacy, especially in health care and disease prevention, but they are also increasingly being used successfully in therapeutic applications.

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L. Staab gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Verlag erklärt, dass die inhaltliche Qualität des Beitrags von zwei unabhängigen Gutachtern geprüft wurde. Werbung in dieser Zeitschriftenausgabe hat keinen Bezug zur CME-Fortbildung. Der Verlag garantiert, dass die CME-Fortbildung sowie die CME-Fragen frei sind von werblichen Aussagen und keinerlei Produktempfehlungen enthalten. Dies gilt insbesondere für Präparate, die zur Therapie des dargestellten Krankheitsbildes geeignet sind.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Hinweis des Verlags

Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral.

CME-Fragebogen

CME-Fragebogen

Wer wird der Legende nach als Entdecker des grünen Tees bezeichnet?

Ye Tianshi

Sun Simiao

Zhang Zhongjing

Shennong

Li Shizhen

Wann findet sich der früheste schriftliche Beleg für das Trinken von Tee in China?

Xia-Dynastie (2070–1600 v.u.Z.)

Shang-Dynastie (1600–1046 v.u.Z.)

Han-Dynastie (206 v.u.Z.–220)

Wu-Dynastie (222–277)

Östliche Jin-Dynastie (317–419)

Welche Aussage zu grünem Tee ist richtig?

Es ist ein nicht fermentierter Tee.

Es ist kurz fermentierter Tee.

Es ist teilfermentierter Tee.

Es ist lang fermentierter Tee.

Es ist extrem lang fermentierter Tee.

In China wird Tee je nach Fermentationsgrad in sechs große Teelinien eingeteilt. Welcher Tee gehört NICHT dazu?

weißer Tee

schwarzer Tee

gelber Tee

roter Tee

brauner Tee

Wie werden Temperaturverhalten und Geschmack im Paradigma des grünen Tees eingeordnet?

neutral bis Tendenz warm + scharf + bitter

kühl + scharf + salzig

kühl bis Tendenz kalt + bitter + süß

kalt + salzig

sehr kalt + bitter + süß

Welcher Orbisbezug ist im Paradigma des grünen Tees NICHT direkt beschrieben?

o. cardialis (Fk „Herz“, xin)

o. pericardialis (Fk „Herzbeutel“, xinbao)

o. renalis (Fk „Niere“, shen)

o. stomachi (Fk „Magen“, wei)

o. pulmonalis (Fk „Lunge“, fei)

Welcher Inhaltsstoff des grünen Tees hat nach aktuellem Stand der Wissenschaft die größte klinische Bedeutung?

Theophyllin‑/Theobromin-Alkaloid (TA)

Asparaginsäure-6-Arginat (A6A)

Teegallat (TG)

p‑Cumaressigsäure (PCA)

Epigallocatechingallat/Epigallocatechin-3-gallat (EGCG)

Welche antidiabetische Wirkung von grünem Tee ist NICHT richtig?

Die Absorption von Glukose wird durch die Adipozyten reduziert.

Die Insulinsensivität wird verbessert.

Der Nüchternblutzuckerspiegel wird gesenkt.

Die Insulinsekretion wird gefördert.

Die Wundheilung wird verbessert.

Welche antikanzeröse Wirkung auf Tumorzellen hat grüner Tee NICHT?

Hemmung der Karzinogenese

Hemmung der Angiogenese

Hemmung der Proliferation

Hemmung der Apoptose

Hemmung der Invasion

Wann sollten grüner Tee oder Catechine in Form von Nahrungsergänzungsmittel NICHT eingenommen werden?

ab einem Alter von 65 Jahren

bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

bei einer bekannten chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)

bei der Chemotherapie mit dem Wirkstoff Bortezomib

Dieser CME-Kurs wurde von der Bayerischen Landesärztekammer mit 6 Punkten in der Kategorie I (tutoriell unterstützte Online-Maßnahme) zur zertifizierten Fortbildung freigegeben.

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Staab, L. Grüner Tee – Daten und Studien zur chinesischen und westlichen Wirkung. Chin Med 39, 3–23 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00052-024-00110-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00052-024-00110-1

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