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Leveraging multiomics approaches for producing lignocellulose degrading enzymes

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials form the building block of 50% of plant biomass comprising non-chewable agri-components like wheat straw, rice stubbles, wood shavings and other crop residues. The degradation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose is complicated and presently being done by chemical process for industrial application through a very energy intensive process. Lignin degradation is primarily an oxidative process where the enzyme lignin peroxidase digests the polymer into smaller fragments. Being a recalcitrant component, higher lignin content poses a challenge of lower recovery of product for industrial use. Globally, the scientists are working on leveraging fungal biotechnology for using the lignocellulose degrading enzymes secreted by actinomycetes and basidiomycetes fungal groups. Enzymes contributing to degradation of lignin are mainly performing the function of modifying the lignin and degrading the lignin. Ligninolytic enzymes do not act as an independent reaction but are vital to complete the degradation process. Microbial enzyme technology is an emerging green tool in industrial biotechnology for commercial application. Bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass is challenged by limitations in enzymatic and conversion process where pretreatment and separation steps are done to remove lignin and hydrolyze carbohydrate into fermentable sugars. This review highlights recent advances in molecular biotechnology, lignin valorization, sequencing, decipher microbial membership, and characterize enzyme diversity through ‘omics’ techniques. Emerging techniques to characterize the interwoven metabolism and spatial interactions between anaerobes are also reviewed, which will prove critical to developing a predictive understanding of anaerobic communities to guide in microbiome engineering This requires more synergistic collaborations from microbial biotechnologists, bioprocess engineers, enzymologists, and other biotechnological fields.

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  • 28 February 2022

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

    Kavya Dashora, Meghana Gattupalli, Zoya Javed, Gyan Datta Tripathi, Ruchi Sharma & Mansi Mishra

  2. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India

    Atul Bhargava

  3. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India

    Shilpi Srivastava

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  1. Kavya Dashora
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  2. Meghana Gattupalli
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  3. Zoya Javed
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Contributions

KD: Corresponding author, Conceptualizing and finalizing the draft manuscript. MG and RS: statistical analysis and diagrams. ZJ and GDT: molecular biotechnology information processing. MM, AB and SS: review, proof reading and content processing

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Correspondence to Kavya Dashora.

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Dashora, K., Gattupalli, M., Javed, Z. et al. Leveraging multiomics approaches for producing lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 79, 132 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-022-04176-7

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