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Coding and long non-coding gene expression changes in the CNS traumatic injuries

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are two main central nervous system (CNS) traumas, caused by external physical insults. Both injuries have devastating effects on the quality of life, and there is no effective therapy at present. Notably, gene expression profiling using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) have revealed significant changes in many coding and non-coding genes, as well as important pathways in SCI and TBI. Particularly, recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lengths greater than 200 nucleotides and without protein-coding potential have tissue- and cell type-specific expression pattern and play critical roles in CNS injury by gain- and loss-of-function approaches. LncRNAs have been shown to regulate protein-coding genes or microRNAs (miRNAs) directly or indirectly, participating in processes including inflammation, glial activation, cell apoptosis, and vasculature events. Therefore, lncRNAs could serve as potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCI and TBI. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in transcriptome studies of SCI and TBI and insights into molecular mechanisms.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Wei and others (mouse study) [5] with permission and modification

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ms. Neha Tallapragada and Ms. Pooja Sashital for editing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by Grants from the NIH, United States (R01 NS088353, R21 NS113068-01, and R21 EY028647-01), The Staman Ogilvie Fund-Memorial Hermann Foundation, and Mission Connect, a program of The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR) Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xizi Wu, Haichao Wei & Jia Qian Wu

  2. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xizi Wu, Haichao Wei & Jia Qian Wu

  3. MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Jia Qian Wu

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  1. Xizi Wu
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  2. Haichao Wei
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XW, HW, and JQW wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jia Qian Wu.

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Wu, X., Wei, H. & Wu, J.Q. Coding and long non-coding gene expression changes in the CNS traumatic injuries. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 79, 123 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-04092-2

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