Abstract
5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulator of endogenous defensive molecules in various pathological processes. The AMPK signaling regulates a variety of intracellular intermedial molecules involved in biological reactions, including glycogen metabolism, protein synthesis, and cardiac fibrosis, in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Studies have revealed that the activation of AMPK performs a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, whereas its function in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy remains elusive and poorly understood. In view of the current evidence of AMPK, we introduce the biological information of AMPK and cardiac hypertrophy as well as some upstream activators of AMPK. Next, we discuss two important types of cardiomyopathy involving AMPK, RKAG2 cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eventually, therapeutic research, genetic screening, conflicts, obstacles, challenges, and potential directions are also highlighted in this review, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of AMPK for readers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics C, Stroke Statistics S (2016) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 133:e38–e360
Mortality GBD, Causes of Death C (2015) Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 385:117–171
Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB, American Heart A, Council on Clinical Cardiology HF, Transplantation C, Quality of C, Outcomes R, Functional G, Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working G, Council on E, Prevention (2006) Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 113:1807–1816
Maron BJ, Maron MS (2013) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lancet 381:242–255
Sternick EB, de Almeida Araujo S, Rocha C, Gollob M (2014) Myocardial infarction in a teenager. Eur Heart J 35:1558
Banerjee SK, McGaffin KR, Huang XN, Ahmad F (2010) Activation of cardiac hypertrophic signaling pathways in a transgenic mouse with the human PRKAG2 Thr400Asn mutation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802:284–291
Magida JA, Leinwand LA (2014) Metabolic crosstalk between the heart and liver impacts familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 6:482–495
Shibata R, Ouchi N, Ito M, Kihara S, Shiojima I, Pimentel DR, Kumada M, Sato K, Schiekofer S, Ohashi K, Funahashi T, Colucci WS, Walsh K (2004) Adiponectin-mediated modulation of hypertrophic signals in the heart. Nat Med 10:1384–1389
Sun Y, Yi W, Yuan Y, Lau WB, Yi D, Wang X, Wang Y, Su H, Wang X, Gao E, Koch WJ, Ma XL (2013) C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9, a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, attenuates adverse remodeling in the ischemic mouse heart via protein kinase A activation. Circulation 128:S113–S120
Yi W, Sun Y, Yuan Y, Lau WB, Zheng Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Shang X, Gao E, Koch WJ, Ma XL (2012) C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3, a newly identified adipokine, is a novel antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and cardioprotective molecule in the ischemic mouse heart. Circulation 125:3159–3169
Zheng Q, Yuan Y, Yi W, Lau WB, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Peterson JM, Wong GW, Yu S, Yi D, Ma XL (2011) C1q/TNF-related proteins, a family of novel adipokines, induce vascular relaxation through the adiponectin receptor-1/AMPK/eNOS/nitric oxide signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31:2616–2623
Yang Y, Fan C, Deng C, Zhao L, Hu W, Di S, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Jin Z, Yan X, Jiang S, Sun Y, Yi W (2016) Melatonin reverses flow shear stress-induced injury in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. J Pineal Res 60:228–241
Heineke J, Molkentin JD (2006) Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular signalling pathways. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:589–600
Towbin JA, Lorts A, Jefferies JL (2015) Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet 386:813–825
Dolinsky VW, Chan AY, Robillard Frayne I, Light PE, Des Rosiers C, Dyck JR (2009) Resveratrol prevents the prohypertrophic effects of oxidative stress on LKB1. Circulation 119:1643–1652
Hardie DG (2015) AMPK: positive and negative regulation, and its role in whole-body energy homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 33:1–7
Hardie DG (2007) AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:774–785
Chen L, Xin FJ, Wang J, Hu J, Zhang YY, Wan S, Cao LS, Lu C, Li P, Yan SF, Neumann D, Schlattner U, Xia B, Wang ZX, Wu JW (2013) Conserved regulatory elements in AMPK. Nature 498:E8–10
Carling D, Viollet B (2015) Beyond energy homeostasis: the expanding role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating metabolism. Cell Metab 21:799–804
Zaha VG, Young LH (2012) AMP-activated protein kinase regulation and biological actions in the heart. Circ Res 111:800–814
Hawley SA, Ross FA, Gowans GJ, Tibarewal P, Leslie NR, Hardie DG (2014) Phosphorylation by Akt within the ST loop of AMPK-alpha1 down-regulates its activation in tumour cells. Biochem J 459:275–287
Chen L, Jiao ZH, Zheng LS, Zhang YY, Xie ST, Wang ZX, Wu JW (2009) Structural insight into the autoinhibition mechanism of AMP-activated protein kinase. Nature 459:1146–1149
Young LH (2008) AMP-activated protein kinase conducts the ischemic stress response orchestra. Circulation 117:832–840
Galinanes M, Bullough D, Mullane KM, Hearse DJ (1992) Sustained protection by acadesine against ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury. Studies in the transplanted rat heart. Circulation 86:589–597
Amato S, Liu X, Zheng B, Cantley L, Rakic P, Man HY (2011) AMP-activated protein kinase regulates neuronal polarization by interfering with PI 3-kinase localization. Science 332:247–251
Agarwal S, Bell CM, Rothbart SB, Moran RG (2015) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) control of mTORC1 Is p53- and TSC2-independent in pemetrexed-treated carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 290:27473–27486
Sasaki H, Asanuma H, Fujita M, Takahama H, Wakeno M, Ito S, Ogai A, Asakura M, Kim J, Minamino T, Takashima S, Sanada S, Sugimachi M, Komamura K, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M (2009) Metformin prevents progression of heart failure in dogs: role of AMP-activated protein kinase. Circulation 119:2568–2577
Jenne DE, Reimann H, Nezu J, Friedel W, Loff S, Jeschke R, Muller O, Back W, Zimmer M (1998) Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is caused by mutations in a novel serine threonine kinase. Nat Genet 18:38–43
Ma H, Guo R, Yu L, Zhang Y, Ren J (2011) Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rescues myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: role of autophagy paradox and toxic aldehyde. Eur Heart J 32:1025–1038
Kuwabara Y, Horie T, Baba O, Watanabe S, Nishiga M, Usami S, Izuhara M, Nakao T, Nishino T, Otsu K, Kita T, Kimura T, Ono K (2015) MicroRNA-451 exacerbates lipotoxicity in cardiac myocytes and high-fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice through suppression of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Circ Res 116:279–288
Scott JW, Ling N, Issa SM, Dite TA, O’Brien MT, Chen ZP, Galic S, Langendorf CG, Steinberg GR, Kemp BE, Oakhill JS (2014) Small molecule drug A-769662 and AMP synergistically activate naive AMPK independent of upstream kinase signaling. Chem Biol 21:619–627
Stuck BJ, Lenski M, Bohm M, Laufs U (2008) Metabolic switch and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes following treatment with angiotensin II are prevented by AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 283:32562–32569
Fassett JT, Hu X, Xu X, Lu Z, Zhang P, Chen Y, Bache RJ (2013) AMPK attenuates microtubule proliferation in cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 304:H749–H758
Chan AY, Dolinsky VW, Soltys CL, Viollet B, Baksh S, Light PE, Dyck JR (2008) Resveratrol inhibits cardiac hypertrophy via AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt. J Biol Chem 283:24194–24201
Pillai VB, Sundaresan NR, Kim G, Gupta M, Rajamohan SB, Pillai JB, Samant S, Ravindra PV, Isbatan A, Gupta MP (2010) Exogenous NAD blocks cardiac hypertrophic response via activation of the SIRT3-LKB1-AMP-activated kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 285:3133–3144
Noga AA, Soltys CL, Barr AJ, Kovacic S, Lopaschuk GD, Dyck JR (2007) Expression of an active LKB1 complex in cardiac myocytes results in decreased protein synthesis associated with phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H1460–H1469
Zhu J, Ning RB, Lin XY, Chai DJ, Xu CS, Xie H, Zeng JZ, Lin JX (2014) Retinoid X receptor agonists inhibit hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy by modulating LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K signaling pathway. Am J Hypertens 27:1112–1124
Kang S, Chemaly ER, Hajjar RJ, Lebeche D (2011) Resistin promotes cardiac hypertrophy via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/insulin receptor substrate 1 (JNK/IRS1) pathways. J Biol Chem 286:18465–18473
Fu YN, Xiao H, Ma XW, Jiang SY, Xu M, Zhang YY (2011) Metformin attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via AMPK activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 32:879–887
Calamaras TD, Lee C, Lan F, Ido Y, Siwik DA, Colucci WS (2015) The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal causes protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes via activated mTORC1-p70S6K-RPS6 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 82:137–146
Biesemann N, Mendler L, Wietelmann A, Hermann S, Schafers M, Kruger M, Boettger T, Borchardt T, Braun T (2014) Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis in the heart and prevents heart failure. Circ Res 115:296–310
Arad M, Maron BJ, Gorham JM, Johnson WH Jr, Saul JP, Perez-Atayde AR, Spirito P, Wright GB, Kanter RJ, Seidman CE, Seidman JG (2005) Glycogen storage diseases presenting as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 352:362–372
Arad M, Benson DW, Perez-Atayde AR, McKenna WJ, Sparks EA, Kanter RJ, McGarry K, Seidman JG, Seidman CE (2002) Constitutively active AMP kinase mutations cause glycogen storage disease mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 109:357–362
Ahmad F, Arad M, Musi N, He H, Wolf C, Branco D, Perez-Atayde AR, Stapleton D, Bali D, Xing Y, Tian R, Goodyear LJ, Berul CI, Ingwall JS, Seidman CE, Seidman JG (2005) Increased alpha2 subunit-associated AMPK activity and PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy. Circulation 112:3140–3148
Kim M, Hunter RW, Garcia-Menendez L, Gong G, Yang YY, Kolwicz SC Jr, Xu J, Sakamoto K, Wang W, Tian R (2014) Mutation in the gamma2-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy independent of glycogen storage. Circ Res 114:966–975
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O (2012) Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1. Eur Heart J 33:2360–2369
Cao T, Gao Z, Gu L, Chen M, Yang B, Cao K, Huang H, Li M (2014) AdipoR1/APPL1 potentiates the protective effects of globular adiponectin on angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in neonatal rat atrial myocytes and fibroblasts. PLoS One 9:e103793
Zong J, Deng W, Zhou H, Bian ZY, Dai J, Yuan Y, Zhang JY, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wu QQ, Guo HP, Li HL, Tang QZ (2013) 3,3′-Diindolylmethane protects against cardiac hypertrophy via 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha2. PLoS One 8:e53427
Lee JE, Yi CO, Jeon BT, Shin HJ, Kim SK, Jung TS, Choi JY, Roh GS (2012) alpha-Lipoic acid attenuates cardiac fibrosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 11:111
Wu D, Lei H, Wang JY, Zhang CL, Feng H, Fu FY, Li L, Wu LL (2015) CTRP3 attenuates post-infarct cardiac fibrosis by targeting Smad3 activation and inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 93:1311–1325
Daskalopoulos EP, Dufeys C, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S (2016) AMPK in cardiac fibrosis and repair: actions beyond metabolic regulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 91:188–200
Vieira AK, Soares VM, Bernardo AF, Neves FA, Mattos AB, Guedes RM, Cortez E, Andrade DC, Lacerda-Miranda G, Garcia-Souza EP, Moura AS (2015) Overnourishment during lactation induces metabolic and haemodynamic heart impairment during adulthood. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 25:1062–1069
Javadov S, Rajapurohitam V, Kilic A, Zeidan A, Choi A, Karmazyn M (2009) Anti-hypertrophic effect of NHE-1 inhibition involves GSK-3beta-dependent attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 46:998–1007
Hernandez JS, Barreto-Torres G, Kuznetsov AV, Khuchua Z, Javadov S (2014) Crosstalk between AMPK activation and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes: the role of mitochondria. J Cell Mol Med 18:709–720
Bhamra GS, Hausenloy DJ, Davidson SM, Carr RD, Paiva M, Wynne AM, Mocanu MM, Yellon DM (2008) Metformin protects the ischemic heart by the Akt-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Basic Res Cardiol 103:274–284
Zaha VG, Qi D, Su KN, Palmeri M, Lee HY, Hu X, Wu X, Shulman GI, Rabinovitch PS, Russell RR 3rd, Young LH (2016) AMPK is critical for mitochondrial function during reperfusion after myocardial ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 91:104–113
Barreto-Torres G, Hernandez JS, Jang S, Rodriguez-Munoz AR, Torres-Ramos CA, Basnakian AG, Javadov S (2015) The beneficial effects of AMP kinase activation against oxidative stress are associated with prevention of PPARalpha-cyclophilin D interaction in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 308:H749–H758
Maron BJ, Roberts WC, Arad M, Haas TS, Spirito P, Wright GB, Almquist AK, Baffa JM, Saul JP, Ho CY, Seidman J, Seidman CE (2009) Clinical outcome and phenotypic expression in LAMP2 cardiomyopathy. JAMA 301:1253–1259
Weidemann F, Niemann M, Breunig F, Herrmann S, Beer M, Stork S, Voelker W, Ertl G, Wanner C, Strotmann J (2009) Long-term effects of enzyme replacement therapy on fabry cardiomyopathy: evidence for a better outcome with early treatment. Circulation 119:524–529
Murphy RT, Mogensen J, McGarry K, Bahl A, Evans A, Osman E, Syrris P, Gorman G, Farrell M, Holton JL, Hanna MG, Hughes S, Elliott PM, Macrae CA, McKenna WJ (2005) Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase disease mimicks hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: natural history. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:922–930
Banerjee SK, Ramani R, Saba S, Rager J, Tian R, Mathier MA, Ahmad F (2007) A PRKAG2 mutation causes biphasic changes in myocardial AMPK activity and does not protect against ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 360:381–387
Cheung PC, Salt IP, Davies SP, Hardie DG, Carling D (2000) Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase gamma-subunit isoforms and their role in AMP binding. Biochem J 346(Pt 3):659–669
Sidhu JS, Rajawat YS, Rami TG, Gollob MH, Wang Z, Yuan R, Marian AJ, DeMayo FJ, Weilbacher D, Taffet GE, Davies JK, Carling D, Khoury DS, Roberts R (2005) Transgenic mouse model of ventricular preexcitation and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia induced by an AMP-activated protein kinase loss-of-function mutation responsible for Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Circulation 111:21–29
Arad M, Moskowitz IP, Patel VV, Ahmad F, Perez-Atayde AR, Sawyer DB, Walter M, Li GH, Burgon PG, Maguire CT, Stapleton D, Schmitt JP, Guo XX, Pizard A, Kupershmidt S, Roden DM, Berul CI, Seidman CE, Seidman JG (2003) Transgenic mice overexpressing mutant PRKAG2 define the cause of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in glycogen storage cardiomyopathy. Circulation 107:2850–2856
Ho CY, Seidman CE (2006) A contemporary approach to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 113:e858–e862
Alcalai R, Seidman JG, Seidman CE (2008) Genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from bench to the clinics. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 19:104–110
Niimura H, Bachinski LL, Sangwatanaroj S, Watkins H, Chudley AE, McKenna W, Kristinsson A, Roberts R, Sole M, Maron BJ, Seidman JG, Seidman CE (1998) Mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C and late-onset familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 338:1248–1257
Bos JM, Towbin JA, Ackerman MJ (2009) Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:201–211
Hardie DG, Ross FA, Hawley SA (2012) AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:251–262
Renaud S, de Lorgeril M (1992) Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 339:1523–1526
Qin F, Siwik DA, Luptak I, Hou X, Wang L, Higuchi A, Weisbrod RM, Ouchi N, Tu VH, Calamaras TD, Miller EJ, Verbeuren TJ, Walsh K, Cohen RA, Colucci WS (2012) The polyphenols resveratrol and S17834 prevent the structural and functional sequelae of diet-induced metabolic heart disease in mice. Circulation 125(1757–1764):S1751–S1756
Moss NG, Riguera DA, Solinga RM, Kessler MM, Zimmer DP, Arendshorst WJ, Currie MG, Goy MF (2009) The natriuretic peptide uroguanylin elicits physiologic actions through 2 distinct topoisomers. Hypertension 53:867–876
Thandapilly SJ, Louis XL, Yang T, Stringer DM, Yu L, Zhang S, Wigle J, Kardami E, Zahradka P, Taylor C, Anderson HD, Netticadan T (2011) Resveratrol prevents norepinephrine induced hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes, by activating NO-AMPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 668:217–224
Sung MM, Dyck JR (2015) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in heart failure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1348:32–45
Li HL, Yin R, Chen D, Liu D, Wang D, Yang Q, Dong YG (2007) Long-term activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase attenuates pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem 100:1086–1099
Duca FA, Cote CD, Rasmussen BA, Zadeh-Tahmasebi M, Rutter GA, Filippi BM, Lam TK (2015) Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk-dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats. Nat Med 21:506–511
Canto C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Feige JN, Lagouge M, Noriega L, Milne JC, Elliott PJ, Puigserver P, Auwerx J (2009) AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity. Nature 458:1056–1060
Madiraju AK, Erion DM, Rahimi Y, Zhang XM, Braddock DT, Albright RA, Prigaro BJ, Wood JL, Bhanot S, MacDonald MJ, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JP, Lee HY, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI (2014) Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Nature 510:542–546
Calvert JW, Gundewar S, Jha S, Greer JJ, Bestermann WH, Tian R, Lefer DJ (2008) Acute metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against myocardial infarction via AMPK-eNOS-mediated signaling. Diabetes 57:696–705
Barreto-Torres G, Parodi-Rullan R, Javadov S (2012) The role of PPARalpha in metformin-induced attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute cardiac ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Int J Mol Sci 13:7694–7709
Gundewar S, Calvert JW, Jha S, Toedt-Pingel I, Ji SY, Nunez D, Ramachandran A, Anaya-Cisneros M, Tian R, Lefer DJ (2009) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin improves left ventricular function and survival in heart failure. Circ Res 104:403–411
Zhang CX, Pan SN, Meng RS, Peng CQ, Xiong ZJ, Chen BL, Chen GQ, Yao FJ, Chen YL, Ma YD, Dong YG (2011) Metformin attenuates ventricular hypertrophy by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 38:55–62
Goodnight CJ (2011) Evolution in metacommunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 366:1401–1409
Bilandzic A, Fitzpatrick T, Rosella L, Henry D (2016) Risk of bias in systematic reviews of non-randomized studies of adverse cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: application of a new Cochrane risk of bias tool. PLoS Med 13:e1001987
Wang MY, Unger RH (2005) Role of PP2C in cardiac lipid accumulation in obese rodents and its prevention by troglitazone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288:E216–E221
Li P, Shibata R, Unno K, Shimano M, Furukawa M, Ohashi T, Cheng X, Nagata K, Ouchi N, Murohara T (2010) Evidence for the importance of adiponectin in the cardioprotective effects of pioglitazone. Hypertension 55:69–75
Kato MF, Shibata R, Obata K, Miyachi M, Yazawa H, Tsuboi K, Yamada T, Nishizawa T, Noda A, Cheng XW, Murate T, Koike Y, Murohara T, Yokota M, Nagata K (2008) Pioglitazone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension: role of activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibition of Akt. J Hypertens 26:1669–1676
Cool B, Zinker B, Chiou W, Kifle L, Cao N, Perham M, Dickinson R, Adler A, Gagne G, Iyengar R, Zhao G, Marsh K, Kym P, Jung P, Camp HS, Frevert E (2006) Identification and characterization of a small molecule AMPK activator that treats key components of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab 3:403–416
Timmermans AD, Balteau M, Gelinas R, Renguet E, Ginion A, de Meester C, Sakamoto K, Balligand JL, Bontemps F, Vanoverschelde JL, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L (2014) A-769662 potentiates the effect of other AMP-activated protein kinase activators on cardiac glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306:H1619–H1630
Liu XM, Peyton KJ, Shebib AR, Wang H, Korthuis RJ, Durante W (2011) Activation of AMPK stimulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression and human endothelial cell survival. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300:H84–H93
Paiva MA, Rutter-Locher Z, Goncalves LM, Providencia LA, Davidson SM, Yellon DM, Mocanu MM (2011) Enhancing AMPK activation during ischemia protects the diabetic heart against reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300:H2123–H2134
Barreto-Torres G, Javadov S (2016) Possible role of interaction between PPARalpha and cyclophilin D in cardioprotection of AMPK against in vivo ischemia–reperfusion in rats. PPAR Res 2016:9282087
Kim AS, Miller EJ, Wright TM, Li J, Qi D, Atsina K, Zaha V, Sakamoto K, Young LH (2011) A small molecule AMPK activator protects the heart against ischemia–reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 51:24–32
Jiang HK, Miao Y, Wang YH, Zhao M, Feng ZH, Yu XJ, Liu JK, Zang WJ (2014) Aerobic interval training protects against myocardial infarction-induced oxidative injury by enhancing antioxidase system and mitochondrial biosynthesis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 41:192–201
Li L, Meng F, Li N, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang H, Li D, Zhang X, Dong P, Chen Y (2015) Exercise training prevents the attenuation of anesthetic pre-conditioning-mediated cardioprotection in diet-induced obese rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:85–97
Holtzman NA, Murphy PD, Watson MS, Barr PA (1997) Predictive genetic testing: from basic research to clinical practice. Science 278:602–605
Gollust SE, Hull SC, Wilfond BS (2002) Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing. JAMA 288:1762–1767
Judge DP (2009) Use of genetics in the clinical evaluation of cardiomyopathy. JAMA 302:2471–2476
Keating MT, Sanguinetti MC (1996) Molecular genetic insights into cardiovascular disease. Science 272:681–685
Maron BJ, Lesser JR, Schiller NB, Harris KM, Brown C, Rehm HL (2009) Implications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy transmitted by sperm donation. JAMA 302:1681–1684
Morse JH, Barst RJ (1997) Detection of familial primary pulmonary hypertension by genetic testing. N Engl J Med 337:202–203
Gordon RD, Klemm SA, Tunny TJ, Stowasser M (1992) Primary aldosteronism: hypertension with a genetic basis. Lancet 340:159–161
Scheffold T, Waldmuller S, Borisov K (2011) A case of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy emphasizes the importance of parallel screening of multiple disease genes. Clin Res Cardiol 100:627–628
Schofield RS, McGarry K, Murphy CL, O’Hare K (2013) Cardiac transplant in a family pedigree of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to a mutation in the AMP gene. BMJ Case Rep. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-009929
Akman HO, Sampayo JN, Ross FA, Scott JW, Wilson G, Benson L, Bruno C, Shanske S, Hardie DG, Dimauro S (2007) Fatal infantile cardiac glycogenosis with phosphorylase kinase deficiency and a mutation in the gamma2-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. Pediatr Res 62:499–504
Liu Y, Bai R, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhao R, Wan D, Chen X, Caceres G, Barr D, Barajas-Martinez H, Antzelevitch C, Hu D (2013) Identification of a novel de novo mutation associated with PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome and early onset of heart failure. PLoS One 8:e64603
Dyck JR, Lopaschuk GD (2006) AMPK alterations in cardiac physiology and pathology: enemy or ally? J Physiol 574:95–112
Wilson C, Contreras-Ferrat A, Venegas N, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Pavez M, Montoya K, Duran J, Maass R, Lavandero S, Estrada M (2013) Testosterone increases GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 228:2399–2407
Russell RR 3rd, Li J, Coven DL, Pypaert M, Zechner C, Palmeri M, Giordano FJ, Mu J, Birnbaum MJ, Young LH (2004) AMP-activated protein kinase mediates ischemic glucose uptake and prevents postischemic cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and injury. J Clin Invest 114:495–503
Xing Y, Musi N, Fujii N, Zou L, Luptak I, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Tian R (2003) Glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in mouse hearts overexpressing dominant negative alpha2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 278:28372–28377
Gollob MH, Green MS, Tang AS, Gollob T, Karibe A, Ali Hassan AS, Ahmad F, Lozado R, Shah G, Fananapazir L, Bachinski LL, Roberts R (2001) Identification of a gene responsible for familial Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. N Engl J Med 344:1823–1831
Davies JK, Wells DJ, Liu K, Whitrow HR, Daniel TD, Grignani R, Lygate CA, Schneider JE, Noel G, Watkins H, Carling D (2006) Characterization of the role of gamma2 R531G mutation in AMP-activated protein kinase in cardiac hypertrophy and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290:H1942–H1951
Patel VV, Arad M, Moskowitz IP, Maguire CT, Branco D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Berul CI (2003) Electrophysiologic characterization and postnatal development of ventricular pre-excitation in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:942–951
Oliveira SM, Zhang YH, Solis RS, Isackson H, Bellahcene M, Yavari A, Pinter K, Davies JK, Ge Y, Ashrafian H, Walker JW, Carling D, Watkins H, Casadei B, Redwood C (2012) AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates cardiac troponin I and alters contractility of murine ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 110:1192–1201
Shen X, Zheng S, Thongboonkerd V, Xu M, Pierce WM Jr, Klein JB, Epstein PN (2004) Cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis in a chronic model of type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E896–E905
Boudina S, Abel ED (2007) Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited. Circulation 115:3213–3223
He C, Zhu H, Li H, Zou MH, Xie Z (2013) Dissociation of Bcl-2-Beclin1 complex by activated AMPK enhances cardiac autophagy and protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetes. Diabetes 62:1270–1281
Xie Z, Lau K, Eby B, Lozano P, He C, Pennington B, Li H, Rathi S, Dong Y, Tian R, Kem D, Zou MH (2011) Improvement of cardiac functions by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced cardiac autophagy in diabetic OVE26 mice. Diabetes 60:1770–1778
Piano MR (2002) Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: incidence, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology. Chest 121:1638–1650
Ge W, Li Q, Turdi S, Wang XM, Ren J (2011) Deficiency of insulin-like growth factor 1 reduces vulnerability to chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyocyte mechanical dysfunction: role of AMPK. J Cell Mol Med 15:1737–1746
Guo R, Ren J (2012) Deficiency in AMPK attenuates ethanol-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction through inhibition of autophagosome formation. Cardiovasc Res 94:480–491
Kandadi MR, Hu N, Ren J (2013) ULK1 plays a critical role in AMPK-mediated myocardial autophagy and contractile dysfunction following acute alcohol challenge. Curr Pharm Des 19:4874–4887
Guo R, Zhang Y, Turdi S, Ren J (2013) Adiponectin knockout accentuates high fat diet-induced obesity and cardiac dysfunction: role of autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:1136–1148
Bendale DS, Karpe PA, Chhabra R, Shete SP, Shah H, Tikoo K (2013) 17-beta Oestradiol prevents cardiovascular dysfunction in post-menopausal metabolic syndrome by affecting SIRT1/AMPK/H3 acetylation. Br J Pharmacol 170:779–795
Pang T, Rajapurohitam V, Cook MA, Karmazyn M (2010) Differential AMPK phosphorylation sites associated with phenylephrine vs. antihypertrophic effects of adenosine agonists in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298:H1382–H1390
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81500263) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016T90973 and 2015M572681).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Additional information
T. Li and S. Jiang contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, T., Jiang, S., Yang, Z. et al. Targeting the energy guardian AMPK: another avenue for treating cardiomyopathy?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 74, 1413–1429 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2407-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2407-7