Summary
A number of well-known models for finite solids is examined as to their contributions to very-low-temperature specific heats. It is found that finite sample size and quantum energy spacing lead in every case to specific heats which approach zero very rapidly in a Schottky-like manner, so that one has\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{T \to 0} \left( {{{\partial S} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial S} {\partial T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\partial T}}} \right)_X \equiv 0\) for any dimensionality, a restriction which is in addition to the third law of thermodynamics.
Riassunto
Si esamina un numero di modelli ben noti di solidi finiti riguardo ai loro contributi ai calori specifici a temperature molto basse. Si è trovato che dimensione finita del campione e spaziatura di energia quantica portano in ogni caso a calori specifici che si avvicinano a zero molto rapidamente in un modo del tipo di Schottky, cosicché si ha\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{T \to 0} \left( {{{\partial S} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial S} {\partial T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\partial T}}} \right)_X \equiv 0\) per qualsiasi dimensionalità, una restrizione che è in aggiunta alla terza legge della termodinamica.
Резюме
Исследуется ряд хорошо известных моделей для конечных твердых тел. Анализируются вклады в теплоемкости при очень низкой температуре. Получается, что конечный размер образца и квантованный энергетический интервал приводят в каждом случае к теплоемкостям, которые стремятся к нулю очень быстро, так что получается\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{T \to 0} \left( {{{\partial S} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial S} {\partial T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\partial T}}} \right)_X \equiv 0\) для любой степени многомерности, которое представляет ограничение, в добавление к третьему закону термодинамики.
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Lawson, J.O. The quantum size effect contribution to heat capacity and the third law of thermodynamics. Nuov Cim B 64, 515–526 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903307
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903307