Abstract
It is thought thatHelicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa might stimulate the production of several cytokines, which might trigger and maintain the gastric inflammation associated withHelicobacter pylori infection. In the present study we evaluated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2 both in mucosal homogenates and in the sera ofHelicobacter pylori-infected (39 cases) and uninfected (40 cases) patients to investigate whether there was any relationship between variations in cytokines and (1) the severity ofHelicobacter pylori-associated gastritis or (2) CagA-positiveHelicobacter pylori strains. Mucosal, but not serum levels of interleukins-1 and-6 and interleukin-2 receptor were significantly higher in infected than uninfected patients, Serum levels ofHelicobacter pylori antibodies were significantly higher in infected than uninfected patients, These levels correlated with mucosal interleukin-1β. The degree of antral or body inflammatory grade was higher in infected than in uninfected patients; cytokines levels were higher in patients with high-grade gastritis, most of whom wereHelicobacter pylori positive. Patients infected with CagA-positive strains also had higher levels of interleukin-1β, but not of interleukin-2 receptor or interleukin-6. In conclusion,Helicobacter pylori infection results in a local increase in interleukins-1β and-6 and interleukin-2 receptor associated with high-grade mucosal inflammation. Interleukin-1β seems to favor anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody production, and mucosal levels are enhanced mainly in patients infected with cytotoxicHelicobacter pylori strains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Biasco G, Paganelli GM, Santucci R, Brandi G, De Santis F, Barbara L. The relationship between type A and B gastritis andHelicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993; 5:S67.
Fontham ETH, Ruiz B, Perez A, Hunter F, Correa P. Determinants ofHelicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:1094.
Peterson WL.Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1043.
Khulusi S, Mendall MA, Patel P, Levy J, Badve S, Northfield TC.Helicobacter pylori infection density and gastric inflammation in duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer subjects. Gut 1995; 37:319.
Hansson L-E, Engstrand L, Nyren O, et al.Helicobacter pylori infection: independent risk indicator of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1098.
Calvert R, Randerson J, Evans P, et al. Genetic abnormalities during transition fromHelicobacter-pylori-associated gastritis to low-grade MALToma. Lancet 1995; 345:26.
Graham DY, Lew GM, Lechago J. Antral G-cell and D-cell numbers inHelicobacter pylori infection: effect ofH. pylori eradication. Gastroenterology 1993; 104:1655.
Davies GR, Simmonds NJ, Stevens TRJ, et al.Helicobacter pylori stimulates antral mucosal reactive oxygen metabolite production in vivo. Gut 1994; 35:179.
Murakami M, Asagoe K, Dekigai H, Kusaka S, Saita H, Kita T. Products of neutrophil metabolism increase ammonia-induced gastric mucosal damage. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:268.
Sobala GM, Dchorah CJ, Shires S, et al. Effect of eradication ofHelicobacter pylori on gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations. Gut 1993; 34:1038.
Karttunen R, Andersson G, Poikonen K, et al.Helicobacter pylori induces lymphocyte activation in peripheral blood cultures. Clin Exp Immunol 1990; 82:485.
Karttunen R. Blood lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine secretion and appearance of T cells with activation surface markers in cultures withHelicobacter pylori. Comparison of the responses of subjects with and without antibodies toH. pylori. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 83:396.
Craig PM, Territo MC, Karnes WE, Walsh JH.Helicobacter pylori secretes a chemotactic factor for monocytes and neutrophils. Gut 1992; 33:1020.
Crabtree JE. Mucosal immune responses toHelicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993; 5:S30.
Fan XJ, Chua A, Shahi CN, McDevitt J, Keeling PWN, Kelleher D. Gastric T lymphocyte responses, toHelicobacter pylori in patients withH. pylori colonisation. Gut 1994; 35:1379.
Crabtree JE, Wyatt JI, Trejdosiewicz LK, et al. Interleukin-8 expression inHelicobacter pylori infected, normal, and neoplastic gastroduodenal mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47:61.
Gionchetti P, Vaira D, Campieri M, et al. Enhanced mucosal interleukin-6 and-8 inHelicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:883.
Moss SF, Legon S, Davies J, Calam J. Cytokine gene expression inHelicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis. Gut 1994; 35:1567.
Noach LA, Bosma NB, Jansen J, Hoek FJ, Deventer SJH van, Tytgat GNJ. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8 production in patients withHelicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29:425.
Crowe SE, Alvarez L, Dytoc M, et al. Expression of interleukin 8 and CD54 by human gastric epithelium afterHelicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Gastroenterology 1995; 108:65.
Crabtree JE, Farmery SM, Lindley IJD, Figura N, Peichl P, Tompkins DS. CagA/cytotoxic strains ofHelicobacter pylori and interleukin-8 in gastric epithelial cell lines. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47:945.
Basso D, Brigato L, Di Mario F, Plebani M.Helicobacter pylori infection and serum IgG avidity. Clin Chim Acta. In press.
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Purification of nucleic acids. In: Nolan C, editor. Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989:E.3.
Atherton JC, Cao P, Peek RM, Tummuru MKR, Blaser MJ, Cover TL. Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles ofHelicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:17771.
Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72:248.
Fiocca R, Luinetti O, Villani L, Chiaravalli AM, Capella C, Solcia E. Epithelial cytotoxicity, immune responses, and inflammatory components ofHelicobacter pylori gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29 [Suppl 205]:11.
Karttunen R, Karttunen T, Ekre H-P T, MacDonald TT. Interferon gamma and interleukin 4 secreting cells in the gastric antrum inHelicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis. Gut 1995; 36:341.
Akira S, Hirano T, Taga T, et al. Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL I and TNF). FASEB J 1990; 4:2860.
Ernst PB, Jin Y, Reyes VE, Crowe SE. The role of the local immune response in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer formation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29 [Suppl 205]:22.
Cutler AF, Havstad S, Ma CK, Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez GI, Schubert TT. Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive tests to diagnoseHelicobacter pylori infection, Gastroenterology 1995; 109:136.
Phadnis SH, Ilver D, Janzon L, Normark S, Westblom TU. Pathological significance and molecular characterization of the vacuolating toxin gene ofHelicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 1994: 62:1557.
Crabtree JE, Wyatt JI, Trejdosiewicz LK, et al. Interleukin-8 expression inHelicobacter pylori infected, and neoplastic gastroduodenal mucosa. Clin Pathol 1994; 47:61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Basso, D., Scrigner, M., Toma, A. et al. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances mucosal interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2. Int J Clin Lab Res 26, 207–210 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592984
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592984