Riassunto
Al processo di secrezione insulinica da parte delle cellule B del pancreas prendono parte principalmente le seguenti strutture: la membrana cellulare, i granuli β ed elementi dello spazio pericapillare. Quale stimolo, gli AA. hanno impiegato dosi elevate di glucosio. Le cellule B possiedono una vasta gamma di meccanismi secretorî: a) mediante settori attivi; b) mediante emiocitosi; c) mediante secrezione apocrina. Per « settore attivo di liberazione » si intende un ben definito settore della membrana cellulare, nel quale si concentrano i microglobuli del nucleo del granulo β: è qui che ha luogo la secrezione insulinica.
Résumé
Au processus de sécrétion insulinique par les cellules B du pancréas participent principalement les structures suivantes: la membrane cellulaire, les granules β et des éléments de l’espace péricapillaire. En tant que stimulant, les AA. ont employé des doses élevées de glucose. Dans les cellules B il y a une gamme vaste de mécanismes sécréteurs: a) par de secteurs actifs; b) par un processus d’émiocytose; c) par un processus de sécrétion apocrine. Par « secteur actif de libération » nous entendons un secteur bien défini de la membrane cellulaire, dans lequel se concentrent les micro-globules du nucléus du granule β: c’est ici que la sécrétion insulinique a lieu.
Resumen
En el proceso de secreción insulínica por parte de las células B del páncreas intervienen principalmente las siguientes estructuras: la membrana celular, los gránulos β y elementos del espacio pericapilar. Como estimulante los autores utilizaron dosis elevadas de glucosa. Las células B poseen una vasta gama de mecanismos secretores: a) mediante sectores activos; b) por medio de hemocitosis; c) por medio de secreción apócrina. Por « sector activo de liberación » entendemos un sector bien definido de la membrana celular, en el que se concentran los microglóbulos del núcleo del gránulo β: y precisamente en él se produce le secreción insulínica.
Zusammenfassung
Am Prozess der Insulinsekretion in den B-Zellen des Pankreas sind hauptsächlich die folgenden Strukturen beteiligt: die Zellmembran, die β-Granula und Elemente des perikapillären Raumes. Die Verfasser benützten hohe Dosen von Glukose als Stimulatoren. Die B-Zellen verfügen über eine ganze Reihe von Sekretionsmechanismen: a) durch aktive Sektoren; b) durch Emiozytose; c) durch apokrine Sekretion. Unter « Sektor aktiver Freisetzung » verstehen wir eine bestimmte Zone der Zellmembran, in welcher die Mikroglobuli der Kerne der β-Granula konzentriert sind: dies ist die Stelle an welcher die Insulinsekretion stattfindet.
Summary
The following structures are mainly involved in the process of insulin secretion by pancreatic B-cells: the cell membrane, β-granules and elements of the pericapillary space. The authors have used high doses of glucose as stimulators. The B-cells have a wide range of secretory mechanisms: a) by means of active sectors; b) by emiocytosis; and c) by apocrine secretion. By ‘active releasing sector’ we mean a definite sector of the cell membrane in which microglobules of the β-granule core are concentrated: it is here that insulin secretion takes place.
References
Benedetti E. L., Emmelot P.: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes Isolated from Liver — In:Dalton A. J., Haguenau F. (Eds): The Membranes. Academic Press, New York, 1968; p. 33.
Bennett L. L., Curry D. L., Grodsky G. M.: Calcium-Magnesium Antagonism in Insulin Secretion by the Perfused Rat Pancreas — Endocrinology85, 594, 1969.
Clark J. L., Rubenstein A. H., Oyer P. E., Mackenzie J. J., Cho S., Steiner D. F.: Proinsulin and Insulin Biosynthesis — In:Falemer S., Hellman B., Täljedal I.-B. (Eds): The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970; p. 339.
Creutzfeldt W., Creutzfeldt C., Frerichs H.: Evidence for Different Modes of Insulin Secretion — In:Falkmer S., Hellman B., Täljedal I.-B. (Eds): The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970; p. 181.
Curry D. L.: Factors Affecting Insulin Secretion in Vitro — Amer. J. clin. Nutr.23, 305, 1970.
Donev St.: Ultrastructure des granules neurosécrétoires du cobaye — In:Bargmann W., Scharrer B. (Eds): Aspects of Neuroendocrinology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970; p. 366.
Findlay J. A., Gill J. R., Irvine G., Lever J. D., Randle P. J.: Cytology of B-Cells in Rabbit Pancreas Pieces Incubated in Vitro; Effects of Glucose and Tolbutamide — Diabetologia4, 150, 1968.
Fujita H., Matsuno Z.: Some Observations on the Fine Structure of the Pancreatic Islet of Rabbits, with Special Reference to B-Cell Alteration in the Hypoglycemic State Induced by Alloxan Treatment — Arch. histol. jap.28, 383, 1967.
Haist R. E.: Effects of Changes in Stimulation on the Structure and Function of Islet Cells — In:Leibel B. S., Wrenshall G. A. (Eds): On the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1965; p. 12.
Ichev K. N.: O bazal’nykh éndotelial’nykh ékstruziiakh kapilliarnou stenki — Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol.58, 56, 1970.
Korn E. D.: Current Concepts of Membrane Structure and Function — Fed. Proc.28, 6, 1969.
Lacy P. E., Hartroft W. S.: Electron Microscopy of the Islets of Langerhans — Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.82, 287, 1959.
Lacy P. E., Howell S. L.: The Mechanism of Emiocytic Insulin Release — In:Falkmer S., Hellman B., Täljedal I.-B. (Eds): The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970; p. 171.
Lacy P. E., Howell S. L., Young D. A., Fink C. J.: New Hypothesis of Insulin Secretion — Nature (Lond.)219, 1177, 1968.
Lever J. D., Findlay J. A.: Similar Structural Bases for the Storage and Release of Secretory Material in Adreno-Medullary and β-Pancreatic Cells — Z. Zellforsch.74, 317, 1966.
Milner R. D. G., Hales C. N.: The Role of Calcium and Magnesium in Insulin Secretion from Rabbit Pancreas Studied in Vitro — Diabetologia3, 47, 1967.
Milner R. D. G., Hales C. N.: Ionic Mechanisms in the Regulation of Insulin Secretion — In:Falkmer S., Hellman B., Täljedal I.-B. (Eds): The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970; p. 489.
Orci L., Stauffacher W., Beaven D., Lambert A. E., Renold A. E., Rouiller Ch.: Ultrastructural Events Associated with the Action of Tolbutamide and Glybenclamide on Pancreatic B-Cells in Vivo and in Vitro — In:Loubatières A., Renold A. E. (Eds): Pharmacokinetics and Mode of Action of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents. Casa Ed. « Il Ponte », Milano, 1969; Acta diabet. lat.6 (Suppl. 1), 271, 1969.
Palade G. E.: Functional Changes in the Structure of Cell Components. In:Hayoshi T., (Ed.): Subcellular Particles. Ronald Press, New York, 1959; p. 64.
Petkov P.: À propos du caractère des « cellules mixtes » dans le pancréas — 4th Nat. Conference of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Varna 1971; p. 108.
Petkov P., Donev St.: The Problem of β-Granule Ultrastructure in the Endocrine Pancreas — Acta diabet. lat.10, 54, 1973.
Petkov P., Galabova R., Manolov St.: Electron Microscopic Investigations on the Langerhans Islets of the Golden Hamster — Arch. histol. jap.32, 229, 1970.
Policard A.: Cytologie moléculaire des membranes et compartiments de la cellule animale — Masson et Cie. Éd., Paris, 1970; p. 122.
Reynolds E. S.: The Use of Lead Citrate at High pH as an Electron-Opaque Stain in Electron Microscopy — J. Cell Biol.17, 208, 1963.
Sjöstrand F. S.: Molecular Structure of Cytoplasmic Membranes and of Mitochondria — In:Seno S., Cowdry E. V. (Eds): Intracellular Membranous Structure. Jap. Soc. Cell. Biol., Okayama, 1965; p. 103.
Sjöstrand F. S.: Ultrastructure and Function of Cellular Membranes — In:Dalton A. J., Haguenau F. (Eds): The Membranes. Academic Press, New York, 1968; p. 151.
Sorenson R. L., Steffes M. W., Lindall A. W.: Subcellular Localization of Proinsulin to Insulin Conversion in Isolated Rat Islets — Endocrinology86, 88, 1970.
Vance J. E., Buchanan K. D., Challoner D. R., Williams R. H.: Effect of Glucose Concentration of Insulin and Glucagon Release from Isolated Islets of Langerhans of the Rat — Diabetes17, 187, 1968.
Watson M.: Staining of Tissue Sections for Electron Microscopy with Heavy Metals — J. biophys. biochem. Cytol.4, 475, 1958.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Traduzione a cura di G.U.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Petkov, P., Donev, S. Mechanisms of insulin release from pancreatic B-cells. Acta diabet. lat 10, 454–477 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02590671
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02590671