Skip to main content
Log in

Equilibrium (Gated) radionuclide ventriculography

  • Published:
Cardiovascular radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Conclusions

  1. 1.

    Radionuclide ventriculography after homogenous tracer distribution provides a reliable noninvasive method for the global and regional assessment of left ventricular function.

  2. 2.

    The most important global parameter is the left ventricular ejection fraction, which can be measured accurately. Decrease of ejection fraction during exercise is an important feature of coronary artery disease. Maximal relaxation velocity (fast filling phase) measured from the global time-volume curve, seems to be the most sensitive global parameter of left ventricular insufficiency.

  3. 3.

    Regional wall motion abnormalities can be assessed qualitatively from the cineventriculogram (“movie mode”) or in a quantitative manner. During stress, hypokinetic, dyskinetic, and akinetic regions are characteristic features of coronary artery disease.

  4. 4.

    The most extensive quantitative evaluation of regional wall motion is based on the regional time-activity curve of the representative heart cycle, which can be obtained reliably. Checking the set of regional time-activity curves with respect to one parameter results in a parametric scan, which displays the distribution of the respective parameter in the left ventricular region.

  5. 5.

    In our department, six parametric scans including distribution of amplitude and phase of the first Fourier element are obtained. These six scans describe the regional wall motion reliably and in detail. While determination of ejection fraction and qualitative assessment of regional wall motion has been widely applied, the clinical value of the parametric scans cannot be finally assessed at this time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adam, W.E., Bitter, F., Lorenz, W.J.: Der Computer als Hilfsmittel zur Verbesserung der nuklearmedizinischen Funktions-diagnostik. In: Computers in Radiology, edited by R. de Haene and A. Wambersie. Basel, Karger, 1970, pp. 459–464

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adam, W.E., Geffers, H., Sigel, H., Bitter, F., Kampmann, H., Stauch, M., Wassermann, B.: Evaluation of left ventricular function by radionuclide angiography. Herz 2:195–199, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  3. Adam, W.E., Meyer, G., Bitter, F., Kampmann, H., Stauch, M., Paiva, M.: Camera-kinematography: A nuclear medicine procedure for imaging heart kinetics. J. Nucl. Biol. Med. 18:53–59, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Adam, W.E., Schenck, P., Kampmann, H., Lorenz, W.J., Schneider, W.G., Ammann, W., Bilaniuk, L.: Investigation of cardiac dynamics using scintillation camera and computer. In: Medical Radioisotope Scintigraphy II, Vienna, IAEA, 1969, pp. 77–89

    Google Scholar 

  5. Adam, W.E., Sigel, H., Geffers, H., Kampmann, H., Bitter, F., Stauch, M.: Analyse der regionalen Wandbewegung des linken Ventrikels bei koronarer Herzerkrankung durch ein nichtinvasives Verfahren (Radionuclid-Kinematographie). Z. Kardiol. 66:545–555, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ashburn, W.L., Kostuk, W.J., Karliner, J.S., Peterson, K.L., Sobel, B.E.: Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction determination by radionuclide angiography. Semin. Nucl. Med. 3:165–176, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Borer, J.S., Ostrow, H.G., Redwood, D.R., Johnston, G.S.: ECG-gated scintillation probe measurement of left ventricular function. J. Nucl. Med. 18:1176–1183, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bitter, F., Adam, W.E., Kampmann, H., Meyer, G., Weller, R.: Automated selection of areas of interest in dynamic studies and camera-kinematography of the heart. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Sharing of Computer Programs and Technology in Nuclear Medicine. Salt Lake City, 1975, pp. 48–60

  9. Bitter, F., Besch, W., Schäfer, N., Sigmund, E.: Integrierte Herz-Kreislauf-Analyse mit Hilfe der quantitativen Funktions-szintigraphie. In: Frontiers of Nuclear Medicine, edited by W. Horst, Berlin, New York, Springer, 1971, pp. 250–261

    Google Scholar 

  10. Borer, J.S., Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Kent, K.M., Epstein, S.E., Johnston, G.S.: Real-time radionuclide cineangiography in the non-invasive evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary-artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 296:839–844, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Borer, J.S., Bacharach, S.L., Green, M.V., Kent, K.M., Johnston, G.S., Epstein, S.E.: Effect of nitroglycerin on exercise-induced abnormalities of left ventricular regional function and ejection fraction in coronary artery disease: Assessment by radionuclide cineangiography in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Circulation 57:314–320, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Breuel, H.-P., Felix, R., Knopp, R., Otten, H., Simon, H., Winkler, C.: Funktionsszintigraphie der Kontraktion des linken Ventrikels. ROEFO 129:317–320, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Breuel, H.-P., Knopp, R., Felix, R., Neumann, G.P., Altland, H., Winkler, C.: Funktionsszintigraphie der Kontraktion des linken Ventrikels. II. Methodische Untersuchungen zur Background-Korrektur. ROEFO 129:18–23, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brill, G., Oberhausen, E., Klein, C.P.: Nuklearmedizinische Bestimmung der Ejektionsfraktion, des Herzminutenvolumens und zeitlichen Volumen-Differentials. Nuklearmedizin 17:199–202, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bulkley, B.H., Hutchins, G.M., Bailey, I., Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B.: Thallium 201 imaging and gated cardiac blood pool scans in patients with ischemic and idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy: A clinical and pathologic study. Circulation 55:753–760, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Geffers, H., Adam, W.E., Bitter, F., Sigel, H., Kampmann, H.: Data processing and functional imaging in radionuclide ventriculography. 4. International Cinference on Data Processing and Medical Imaging. Nashville, Tenn., June 1977

  17. Geffers, H., Adam, W.E., Bitter, F., Sigel, H., Stauch, M.: Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie. I. Grundlagen und Methoden. Nuklearmedizin 17:206–210, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Geffers, H., Sigel, H., Bitter, F., Kampmann, H., Stauch, M., Adam, W.E.: Untersuchungen der segmentalen Wandbewegung des linken Ventrikels bei Herzgesunden und Myokardin-farktpatienten mit einer katheterlosen nulkearmedizinischen Methode (Kamera-Kinematographie des Herzens). Z. Kardiol. 65:680–692, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Green, M.V., Borer, J.S., Bacharach, S.L.: Radionuclide cineangiography during stress. Nuklearmedizin 17:229–231, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Green, M.V., Brody, W.R., Douglas, M.A., Borer, J.S., Ostrow, H.G., Line, B.R., Bacharach, S.L., Johnston, G.S.: Ejection fraction by count rate from gated images. J. Nucl. Med. 19:880–883, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Green, M.V., Ostrow, H.G., Douglas, M.A., Myers, R.W., Scott, R.N., Bailey, J.J., Johnston, G.S.: High-temporal-resolution ECG-gated scintigraphic angiocardiography. J. Nucl. Med. 16:95–98, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hammermeister, K.E., Warbasse, J.R.: The rate of change of left ventricular volume in man. II. Diastolic events in health and disease. Circulation 49:739–747, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hirakawa, A., Saito, M., Motohara, S., Matsumura, T., Sakurai, T., Kadota, K., Yamada, N., Hara, A., Ogino, K., Kawai, C., Kuwahara, M.: Decreased early diastolic dV/dt in ischemic heart disease observed by ECG-gated radiocardiography. Jap. Circ. J. 41:507–514, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hoffmann, C., Kleine, N.: Eine neue Methode zur unblutigen Messung des Schlagvolumens am Menschen über viele Tage mit Hilfe von radioaktiven Isotopen. Verh. Dtsch. Des. Kreis-laufforsch. 31:93–96, 1965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Holman, B.L.: Promising new radiotracer technics for the diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 296:876–877, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hundeshagen, H.: Die digitale Radionuklid-Angiokardiographie. In: Nuklearmedizin: Fortschritte der Nuklearmedizin in klinischer und technologischer Sicht, edited by H.W. Pabst, G. Hör, H.A.E. Schmidt. Stuttgart, F.K. Schattauer, 1975, pp 17–26

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hundeshagen, H.: Radiokardiographie. Grundlagen und Entwicklung einer Methode. Heidelberg, A. Hüthig, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  28. Klein, C., Brill, G., Oberhausen, E., Bette, L.: Radiokardiographische Bestimmung des Herzminutenvolumens und der Ejectionsfraktion. Ein Vergleich mit konventionellen kardiologischen Untersuchungsverfahren. Z. Kardiol. 67:92–98, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Knopp, R., Breuel, H.-P., Schmidt, H., Winkler, C.: Funktionsszintigraphie des Herzens. I. Datentechnische Grundlagen und Methodik. ROEFO 128:44–47, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lenaers, A., Lequime, J.: Radioactive isotope in the diagnosis of heart disease. Acta Cardiol. 33:205–218, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Loken, M.K., Medina, J.R., Lillehei, J.F., L'Heureux, P.L., Kush, G.S., Ebert, R.V.: Regional pulmonary function evaluation using xenon-133, a scintillation camera and computer. Radiology 93:1261–1266, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Luig, H., Emrich, D.: Fortschritte bei der nicht invasiven Registrierung volumenäquivalenter Kurven des linken Ventrikels mit einer nucklearmedizinischen. Methodik Herz 2:200–201, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  33. Luig, H., Emrich, D., Breuel, H.-P., Strauer, B.-E., Neubaur, J., Kisselbach, V.J.: Non-invasive determination of volume-equivalent curves of the left ventricle. In: Dynamic Studies with Radioisotopes in Medicine. Vienna, I.A.E.A., 1975, pp. 207–217

    Google Scholar 

  34. Luig, H., Lahne, R., Domovitz, S.: Ein Datensystem für Kardiologische Untersuchungen mit einer Gammakamera. Medizinische Physik 2:99–112, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  35. MayIntyre, W.J., Christie, J.H.: A comparison of data averaging of radioisotope scan data by photographic and dimensional computer techniques. In: Medical Radioisotope Scintigraphy I, Vienna, I.A.E.A. 1969, pp. 771–781

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ogris, F., Pachinger, O., Sochor, H., Probst, P., Joskowicz, G., Kaindl, F.: Assessment of regional wall motion in coronary artery disease using radionuclide methods. Nuklearmedizin 17:221–224, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Parisi, A.F., Tow, D.E., Sasahara, A.A.: Clinical appraisal of current nuclear and other noninvasive cardiac diagnostic techniques. Am. J. Cardiol. 38:722–730, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Parisi, A.F., Tow, D.E., Felix, W.R., Jr., Sasahara, A.A.: Non-invasive cardiac diagnosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 296:427–432, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Parker, J.A., Uren, R.F., Jones, A.G., Maddox, D.E., Zimmerman, R.E., Neill, J.M., Holman, B.L.: Radionuclide left ventriculography with the slant hole collimator. J. Nucl. Med. 18:848–851, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pitt, B., Strauss, H.W.: Myocardial imaging in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 37:797–806, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Pitt, B., Strauss, H.W.: Myocardial perfusion imaging and gated cardiac blood pool scanning: Clinical application. Am. J. Cardiol. 38:739–746, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pitt, B., Strauss, H.W.: Cardiovascular nuclear medicine. Semin. Nucl. Med. 7:3–6, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Planiol, T., Itti, R., Pottier, J.M., Poureelot, L., Brochier, M., Morand, P.: The contribution of nuclear medicine and ultrasound in cardiac surgery. Acta Cardiol. 33:339–370, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pohost, G.M., Pastore, J.O., McKusick, K.A., Chiotellis, P.N., Kapellakis, G.Z., Myers, G.S., Dinsmore, R.E., Block, P.C.: Detection of left atrial myxoma by gated radionuclide cardiac imaging. Circulation 55:88–92, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Pohost, G.M., Vignola, P.A., McKusick, K.E., Block, P.C., Myers, G.S., Walker, H.J., Copen, D.L., Dinsmore, R.E.: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Evaluation by gated cardiac blood pool scanning. Circulation 55:92–99, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Qureshi, S., Wagner, H.N., Jr., Alderson, P.O., Housholder, D.F., Douglas, K.H., Lotter, M.G., Nickoloff, E.L., Tanabe, M., Knowles, L.G.: Evaluation of left-ventricular function in normal persons and patients with heart disease. J. Nucl. Med. 19:135–141, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sauer, E., Sebening, H., Lutilsky, L., Dressler, H., Hör, G., Pabst, H.W., Blömer, H.: Die Beurteilung der globalen und regionalen linksventrikulären Funktion in Ruhe und während Ergometerbelastung bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit mit der EKG-getriggerten Herzbinnenraumszintigraphie. Nuklearmedizin 17:225–228, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Sigel, H., Adam, W.E., Geffers, H., Bitter, F., Stauch, M.: Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie. III. Klinische Ergebnisse: Parameter der regionalen. Wandbewegung. Nuklearmedizin 17:216–220, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Spiller, P.: Quantitative Lävokardiographie. München, Urban und Schwarzenberg, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  50. Stauch, M., Sigel, H., Geffers, H., Bitter, F., Adam, W.F., Noninvasive determination of the left ventricular ejection fraction with radionuclides. In: Computers in Cardiology, edited by H.G., Ostrow and K.L. Ripley, Long Beach. 1977, p. 181

  51. Stauch, M., Sigel, H., Geffers, H., Gerst, C.M., Bitter, F., Adam, W.E.: Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie. H. Klinische Ergebnisse: Parameter der globalen Ventrikelfunktion. Nuclearmedizin 17:211–215, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B.: Cardiovascular nuclear medicine: Its role in patients with coronary heart disease. Appl. Radiol. 57–61, 1975

  53. Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B.: Common procedures for the noninvasive determination of regional myocardial perfusion, evaluation of regional wall motion and detection of acute infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 38:731–738, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Strauss, H.W., Pitt, B.: Evaluation of cardiac function and structure with radioactive tracer techniques. Circulation 57:645–654, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Strauss, H.W., Zaret, B.L., Hurley, P.J., Natarajan, T.K., Pitt, B.: A scintiphotographic method for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction in man without cardiac catheterization Am. J. Cardiol. 28:575–580, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wagner, H.N., Jr., Wake, R., Nickoloff, E., Natarajan, T.K.: The nuclear stethoscope: A simple device for generation of left ventricular volume curves. Am. J. Cardiol. 38:747–750, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Zaret, B.L., Strauss, H.W., Hurley, P.J., Natarajan, T.K., Pitt, B.: A noninvasive scintiphotographic method for detecting regional ventricular dysfunction in man. N. Engl. J. Med. 28:1165–1170, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Supported by the Bunde sministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn, FRG

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Adam, W.E., Tarkowska, A., Bitter, F. et al. Equilibrium (Gated) radionuclide ventriculography. Cardiovasc Radiol 2, 161–173 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02552061

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02552061

Keywords

Navigation